3.7: Understand the conditions necessary for a predator to regulate the population
size of its prey
Give this one a try later!
- predators are important in regulating prey populations
- to do so, there must be sufficient prey population
- prey must be a significant part of the predator's diet
- predators must consume a significant proportion of the prey
- predator population density must be large enough to compensate for
prey population density
- prevent continual growth
3.9: Draw and know how to interpret the predicted relationships of species
immigration and extinction as a function of the number of species present, the
distance from the mainland and the island size. Describe the mechanisms
underpinning the extinction and immigration rates. Be able to find the equilibrium
number of species from immigration and extinction rate curves.
,Give this one a try later!
** see slide 20 (great graph depiction)
3.8: If given a community dataset, be able to calculate species richness, relative
abundance/evenness, and the Shannon Diversity Index and compare the diversity of
communities using these different metrics (note that if values of natural logs are
needed on the exam, they will be given to you)
Give this one a try later!
**see slide 6
3.11: Explain why "algal blooms" (i.e., cyanobacteria) occur in Madison's lakes
Give this one a try later!
- high presence of phosphorous/nutrients
- comes from agricultural runoff, sewage treatment plants, and urban
stormwater runoff
3.10: Describe the effects of top-down vs. bottom-up control on trophic structure and
what a trophic cascade is
Give this one a try later!
, - top-down control initiates a trophic cascade, impacting primary
producers (meaning removing predators increases prey, decreasing the
primary producer which is the food source for prey)
- trophic cascade: phenomenon that occurs when changes in one level of
the trophic structure have a cascading effect on other levels of the
structure
- bottom-up control describes how changing low levels of the pyramid
impact upper levels
3.11: Diagram and understand the key transformations of nitrogen
Give this one a try later!
- see slide 4
3.6: Describe the features of a metapopulation and be able to recognize and give
examples of real organisms that exhibit metapopulation dynamics
Give this one a try later!
- metapopultions are spatially separated into subpopulations and are
linked by dispersal of individuals via patches of similar habitat linked by
dispersal
- populations may be linked spatially by immigration and emigration
(dispersal), such that populations in different habitat patches function
together as a metapopulation
- made up of small, isolated populations
- example: vernal (springtime) pools and marbled salamanders
, 3.9: Explain the latitudinal gradient in species diversity and the two mechanisms we
highlighted in class that might explain this relationship
Give this one a try later!
- exists because of climate and productivity
- more diversity near tropics than poles
1) high ice presence prevents species diversity
2) species likely migrated to poles and that takes a long time, so naturally
more species will be present near the origin of emigration
Draw and label the major zones for lakes and oceans
Give this one a try later!
**see slide 13 of lecture 10.3
3.12: Describe the natural climate cycles that have been seen over the past 500,000
years and what has caused these cycles.
Give this one a try later!
size of its prey
Give this one a try later!
- predators are important in regulating prey populations
- to do so, there must be sufficient prey population
- prey must be a significant part of the predator's diet
- predators must consume a significant proportion of the prey
- predator population density must be large enough to compensate for
prey population density
- prevent continual growth
3.9: Draw and know how to interpret the predicted relationships of species
immigration and extinction as a function of the number of species present, the
distance from the mainland and the island size. Describe the mechanisms
underpinning the extinction and immigration rates. Be able to find the equilibrium
number of species from immigration and extinction rate curves.
,Give this one a try later!
** see slide 20 (great graph depiction)
3.8: If given a community dataset, be able to calculate species richness, relative
abundance/evenness, and the Shannon Diversity Index and compare the diversity of
communities using these different metrics (note that if values of natural logs are
needed on the exam, they will be given to you)
Give this one a try later!
**see slide 6
3.11: Explain why "algal blooms" (i.e., cyanobacteria) occur in Madison's lakes
Give this one a try later!
- high presence of phosphorous/nutrients
- comes from agricultural runoff, sewage treatment plants, and urban
stormwater runoff
3.10: Describe the effects of top-down vs. bottom-up control on trophic structure and
what a trophic cascade is
Give this one a try later!
, - top-down control initiates a trophic cascade, impacting primary
producers (meaning removing predators increases prey, decreasing the
primary producer which is the food source for prey)
- trophic cascade: phenomenon that occurs when changes in one level of
the trophic structure have a cascading effect on other levels of the
structure
- bottom-up control describes how changing low levels of the pyramid
impact upper levels
3.11: Diagram and understand the key transformations of nitrogen
Give this one a try later!
- see slide 4
3.6: Describe the features of a metapopulation and be able to recognize and give
examples of real organisms that exhibit metapopulation dynamics
Give this one a try later!
- metapopultions are spatially separated into subpopulations and are
linked by dispersal of individuals via patches of similar habitat linked by
dispersal
- populations may be linked spatially by immigration and emigration
(dispersal), such that populations in different habitat patches function
together as a metapopulation
- made up of small, isolated populations
- example: vernal (springtime) pools and marbled salamanders
, 3.9: Explain the latitudinal gradient in species diversity and the two mechanisms we
highlighted in class that might explain this relationship
Give this one a try later!
- exists because of climate and productivity
- more diversity near tropics than poles
1) high ice presence prevents species diversity
2) species likely migrated to poles and that takes a long time, so naturally
more species will be present near the origin of emigration
Draw and label the major zones for lakes and oceans
Give this one a try later!
**see slide 13 of lecture 10.3
3.12: Describe the natural climate cycles that have been seen over the past 500,000
years and what has caused these cycles.
Give this one a try later!
