NURSING 201 UPDATED EXAMS STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT INFANT TASTE? taste preference - ✔✔Sweet and
savory- babies tend to have preference to
✔✔HOW DO WE DETERMINE INFANT PREFERENCE? - ✔✔when they look at
something for a long time, it means they like it.
✔✔adaptive habituation - ✔✔getting used to something- baby may get bored with a toy.
✔✔Dishabituation - ✔✔increase in responsiveness after presentation of a new stimulus-
may even be something that they have already seen
✔✔GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF OPERANT CONDITIONING IN THE INFANT: - ✔✔may
include reward system- kid cries to parent gives affection, so they may cry to get picked
up
✔✔classical conditioning - ✔✔a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more
stimuli and anticipate events- involuntary response
✔✔EXPLAIN PERCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT: - ✔✔when they are able to judge how
far away an object is and if its elevated. depth perception
,✔✔What age do babies develop perceptual development? - ✔✔6 months
✔✔What happens at 3 months with depth perception? - ✔✔babies start to know if
something is getting close to them
✔✔What happens at 2 months? - ✔✔preferance to moving objects
✔✔DEFINE INTERMODAL PERCEPTION - ✔✔senses are coming together. can
identify something that they may have heard or seen . A baby has felt a toy and can
recognize it because they've seen it together. Making connections between different
stimuli.
✔✔DISCUSS PERCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT AND LISTENING IN THE INFANT. How
can parents encourage listening and speaking in the infant? - ✔✔early as 1 month can
discriminate some differences in sounds. 6 months can hear different things in
language, perceive different voices. Parents can encourage listening and speaking by
talking to them a lot and responding to their babbling as its a conversation. High pitch
tone of voice and facial reactions- babies enjoy this
✔✔What is the name of the sheath that develops around axons that serves as
insulation and speeds neural transmissions?
A) Fontanel
B)Glial fiber
C)Myelin
D) Dendrite - ✔✔C- Myelin
✔✔What is babies visual acuity at the following ages? Birth and 6 months - ✔✔Birth-
can see what a person with perfect vision can see at 400 feet, they can see at 20 feet
6 months-
✔✔What might persistence of the Moro reflex or the Babinski reflex beyond six months
of age indicate? A) It is normal and is used as a sign of neurological maturation.
B)These responses aid in the infants developing social skills and emotional
relationships.
C)It may signal the existence of some type of neurological problem.
D) it is due to positive or negative reinforcement. - ✔✔C- It may signal the existence of
some type of neurological problem.
✔✔Habituation is best defined by which of the following?
A) Shaping behavior patterns through operant conditioning
B) The decline in attention that occurs because a stimulus becomes too familiar
C)The development of repetitive behaviors that are characteristic of increased motor
skills
, D)Strengthening or increase in behaviors that results from reinforcement - ✔✔B - The
decline in attention that occurs because a stimulus becomes too familiar
✔✔Dishabituation is best described by which of the following?
A)Responding to a familiar stimulus as if it were new
B)Focusing on a stimulus that has not been successfully reinforced
C)Focusing on a stimulus that has not been completely conditioned
D) The transition to preoperational thought - ✔✔A- Responding to a familiar stimulus as
if it were new
✔✔Which of the following is an example of intermodal perception?
A) A baby who has been sucking a nubby pacifier will look longer at a picture of a nubby
pacifier.
B) An infant will drink more sweetened water than unsweetened water.
C) An infant who had habituated to a singing, rotating toy will look longer when the toy
produces a new song as it rotates.
D) An infant who saw his father shave imitates the action by moving a crayon over his
own face. - ✔✔C - An infant who had habituated to a singing, rotating toy will look
longer when the toy produces a new song as it rotates.
✔✔SIDS - ✔✔Sudden infant death syndrome-sudden and unexpected death of an
apparently healthy infant during sleep. Risks- unsafe sleep (stuff in the crib), smoking,
more common in winter, overheating (bundling baby in blankets), sleep apnea. Babies
should sleep on their back, alone (nothing in crib), in their crib.
✔✔shaken baby syndrome - ✔✔A life-threatening injury that occurs when an infant is
forcefully shaken back and forth, a motion that ruptures blood vessels in the brain and
breaks neural connections. Causes brain damage. Contributing factors- colliac (teach
parents to walk away for a few minutes) to prevent parents from getting mad at baby.
Important info- educating parents how to calm baby
✔✔EXPLAIN THE FEEDING RECOMMENDATIONS OF AN INFANT? - ✔✔
✔✔WHAT IS MACRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION? - ✔✔macronutrients- protein, carbs
and fats. Baby is missing 1 or more macronutrients, not getting enough.
✔✔WHAT IS MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY: - ✔✔micronutrients- vitamins and
minerals.
✔✔With regard to breastfeeding, which statement is correct? A)Breastfeeding facilitates
the development of superior social interactions between mother and child.
B)Breast milk stimulates better immune-system function in babies.
C)Breast milk does not appear to promote the growth of nerves or development of the
intestinal tract.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT INFANT TASTE? taste preference - ✔✔Sweet and
savory- babies tend to have preference to
✔✔HOW DO WE DETERMINE INFANT PREFERENCE? - ✔✔when they look at
something for a long time, it means they like it.
✔✔adaptive habituation - ✔✔getting used to something- baby may get bored with a toy.
✔✔Dishabituation - ✔✔increase in responsiveness after presentation of a new stimulus-
may even be something that they have already seen
✔✔GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF OPERANT CONDITIONING IN THE INFANT: - ✔✔may
include reward system- kid cries to parent gives affection, so they may cry to get picked
up
✔✔classical conditioning - ✔✔a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more
stimuli and anticipate events- involuntary response
✔✔EXPLAIN PERCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT: - ✔✔when they are able to judge how
far away an object is and if its elevated. depth perception
,✔✔What age do babies develop perceptual development? - ✔✔6 months
✔✔What happens at 3 months with depth perception? - ✔✔babies start to know if
something is getting close to them
✔✔What happens at 2 months? - ✔✔preferance to moving objects
✔✔DEFINE INTERMODAL PERCEPTION - ✔✔senses are coming together. can
identify something that they may have heard or seen . A baby has felt a toy and can
recognize it because they've seen it together. Making connections between different
stimuli.
✔✔DISCUSS PERCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT AND LISTENING IN THE INFANT. How
can parents encourage listening and speaking in the infant? - ✔✔early as 1 month can
discriminate some differences in sounds. 6 months can hear different things in
language, perceive different voices. Parents can encourage listening and speaking by
talking to them a lot and responding to their babbling as its a conversation. High pitch
tone of voice and facial reactions- babies enjoy this
✔✔What is the name of the sheath that develops around axons that serves as
insulation and speeds neural transmissions?
A) Fontanel
B)Glial fiber
C)Myelin
D) Dendrite - ✔✔C- Myelin
✔✔What is babies visual acuity at the following ages? Birth and 6 months - ✔✔Birth-
can see what a person with perfect vision can see at 400 feet, they can see at 20 feet
6 months-
✔✔What might persistence of the Moro reflex or the Babinski reflex beyond six months
of age indicate? A) It is normal and is used as a sign of neurological maturation.
B)These responses aid in the infants developing social skills and emotional
relationships.
C)It may signal the existence of some type of neurological problem.
D) it is due to positive or negative reinforcement. - ✔✔C- It may signal the existence of
some type of neurological problem.
✔✔Habituation is best defined by which of the following?
A) Shaping behavior patterns through operant conditioning
B) The decline in attention that occurs because a stimulus becomes too familiar
C)The development of repetitive behaviors that are characteristic of increased motor
skills
, D)Strengthening or increase in behaviors that results from reinforcement - ✔✔B - The
decline in attention that occurs because a stimulus becomes too familiar
✔✔Dishabituation is best described by which of the following?
A)Responding to a familiar stimulus as if it were new
B)Focusing on a stimulus that has not been successfully reinforced
C)Focusing on a stimulus that has not been completely conditioned
D) The transition to preoperational thought - ✔✔A- Responding to a familiar stimulus as
if it were new
✔✔Which of the following is an example of intermodal perception?
A) A baby who has been sucking a nubby pacifier will look longer at a picture of a nubby
pacifier.
B) An infant will drink more sweetened water than unsweetened water.
C) An infant who had habituated to a singing, rotating toy will look longer when the toy
produces a new song as it rotates.
D) An infant who saw his father shave imitates the action by moving a crayon over his
own face. - ✔✔C - An infant who had habituated to a singing, rotating toy will look
longer when the toy produces a new song as it rotates.
✔✔SIDS - ✔✔Sudden infant death syndrome-sudden and unexpected death of an
apparently healthy infant during sleep. Risks- unsafe sleep (stuff in the crib), smoking,
more common in winter, overheating (bundling baby in blankets), sleep apnea. Babies
should sleep on their back, alone (nothing in crib), in their crib.
✔✔shaken baby syndrome - ✔✔A life-threatening injury that occurs when an infant is
forcefully shaken back and forth, a motion that ruptures blood vessels in the brain and
breaks neural connections. Causes brain damage. Contributing factors- colliac (teach
parents to walk away for a few minutes) to prevent parents from getting mad at baby.
Important info- educating parents how to calm baby
✔✔EXPLAIN THE FEEDING RECOMMENDATIONS OF AN INFANT? - ✔✔
✔✔WHAT IS MACRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION? - ✔✔macronutrients- protein, carbs
and fats. Baby is missing 1 or more macronutrients, not getting enough.
✔✔WHAT IS MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY: - ✔✔micronutrients- vitamins and
minerals.
✔✔With regard to breastfeeding, which statement is correct? A)Breastfeeding facilitates
the development of superior social interactions between mother and child.
B)Breast milk stimulates better immune-system function in babies.
C)Breast milk does not appear to promote the growth of nerves or development of the
intestinal tract.
