N3CN3 CORE MAIN SET 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Third Tier - ✔✔§ One time or infrequent protective interventions that do not require
ongoing clinical care
§ Generally are less effective because they address people as individuals rather than a
whole population
§ Immunization, colonoscopy, smoking cessation, circumcision are examples
✔✔Fourth Tier - ✔✔§ Ongoing clinical interventions
§ The interventions to prevent CVD have the greatest potential health impact
§ These interventions are limited by lack of access, unpredictable adherence, and
imperfect effectiveness
§ Non adherence is problematic for chronic conditions like hypertension, hyperlipidemia,
diabetes
· At least a third of the patients do not take the medication as advised
§ Accountability, incentives for meaningful outcomes and systems to enable improved
performance are all essential to improve health care system performance
§ Electronic health records have the potential to facilitate greatly improved preventative
and chronic care
· Implemented with prevention and accountability as guiding principles
, · This goal is more attainable if this is implemented with changes in financial incentives
and physician practices to proactively support preventative care and control of chronic
diseases
✔✔Fifth Tier - ✔✔§ Represents health education
§ Generally the least effective type of intervention
§ Can successfully induce individual behavioral change
§ Educational interventions are often the only ones available
When these are applied consistently
✔✔Tobacco Control Programs - ✔✔o People with low income and low education have
higher rates of smoking
o Interventions that address these SDoH should reduce smoking rates. These changes
often require fundamental social change and this is generally not within the traditional
view of tobacco control or public health programs
o Context changing interventions are highly effective in reducing tobacco use
§ Antitobacco campaigns, elimination of advertising, increasing tobacco taxes
✔✔Health Equity - ✔✔- Health equity means that all people can reach their full health
potential and should not be disadvantaged from attaining it because of their race,
religion, gender, age, social class or socioeconomic status
- Health equity involves the fair distribution of resources needed for health, fair access
to the opportunities available and fairness in the support offered to people when ill
- The pursuit of health equity seeks to reduce the excess burden of ill health among
socially and economically disadvantaged populations
✔✔Health Inequities - ✔✔- Health inequities are health differences between population
groups that are unfair or unavoidable
✔✔Disadvantaged Groups - ✔✔- Disadvantaged socioeconomic groups are rendered
vulnerable by underlying social structures and political, economic and legal institutions
o Resulting variations in health outcomes are rooted in unequal social relations, such as
gender inequity, racism and social/economic exclusion
✔✔Systemic Health Inequities - ✔✔§ Observed in a linear pattern, meaning a
relationship is present throughout society
§ Health differences are not random, but are patterned across the population. Those
with higher social status tend to have better health than those with lower social status
✔✔Avoidable Health Inequities - ✔✔§ Not the result of biological differences, but rather
then result of how societies distribute resources and opportunities
§ Health inequities are socially produces and are therefore avoidable through collective
action by individuals, agencies, businesses, communities and entry level of government
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Third Tier - ✔✔§ One time or infrequent protective interventions that do not require
ongoing clinical care
§ Generally are less effective because they address people as individuals rather than a
whole population
§ Immunization, colonoscopy, smoking cessation, circumcision are examples
✔✔Fourth Tier - ✔✔§ Ongoing clinical interventions
§ The interventions to prevent CVD have the greatest potential health impact
§ These interventions are limited by lack of access, unpredictable adherence, and
imperfect effectiveness
§ Non adherence is problematic for chronic conditions like hypertension, hyperlipidemia,
diabetes
· At least a third of the patients do not take the medication as advised
§ Accountability, incentives for meaningful outcomes and systems to enable improved
performance are all essential to improve health care system performance
§ Electronic health records have the potential to facilitate greatly improved preventative
and chronic care
· Implemented with prevention and accountability as guiding principles
, · This goal is more attainable if this is implemented with changes in financial incentives
and physician practices to proactively support preventative care and control of chronic
diseases
✔✔Fifth Tier - ✔✔§ Represents health education
§ Generally the least effective type of intervention
§ Can successfully induce individual behavioral change
§ Educational interventions are often the only ones available
When these are applied consistently
✔✔Tobacco Control Programs - ✔✔o People with low income and low education have
higher rates of smoking
o Interventions that address these SDoH should reduce smoking rates. These changes
often require fundamental social change and this is generally not within the traditional
view of tobacco control or public health programs
o Context changing interventions are highly effective in reducing tobacco use
§ Antitobacco campaigns, elimination of advertising, increasing tobacco taxes
✔✔Health Equity - ✔✔- Health equity means that all people can reach their full health
potential and should not be disadvantaged from attaining it because of their race,
religion, gender, age, social class or socioeconomic status
- Health equity involves the fair distribution of resources needed for health, fair access
to the opportunities available and fairness in the support offered to people when ill
- The pursuit of health equity seeks to reduce the excess burden of ill health among
socially and economically disadvantaged populations
✔✔Health Inequities - ✔✔- Health inequities are health differences between population
groups that are unfair or unavoidable
✔✔Disadvantaged Groups - ✔✔- Disadvantaged socioeconomic groups are rendered
vulnerable by underlying social structures and political, economic and legal institutions
o Resulting variations in health outcomes are rooted in unequal social relations, such as
gender inequity, racism and social/economic exclusion
✔✔Systemic Health Inequities - ✔✔§ Observed in a linear pattern, meaning a
relationship is present throughout society
§ Health differences are not random, but are patterned across the population. Those
with higher social status tend to have better health than those with lower social status
✔✔Avoidable Health Inequities - ✔✔§ Not the result of biological differences, but rather
then result of how societies distribute resources and opportunities
§ Health inequities are socially produces and are therefore avoidable through collective
action by individuals, agencies, businesses, communities and entry level of government
