BU288 CORE MAIN EXAMS ALL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Learning - ✔✔A relatively permanent change in behaviour potential that occurs due
to practice or experience.
✔✔Classical conditioning - ✔✔Learning occurs through conditioned stimuli. Pavlov -
Salivating dog
✔✔Operant Conditioning - ✔✔Learning occurs through consequences of behaviour.
Skinner - Rats
✔✔The law of effect - ✔✔E.L Thornedike - Behaviour followed by pleasant
consequences is likely to be repeated and unpleasant consequences is not likely to be
repeated. (consequences that can be manipulated)
✔✔Reinforcement - ✔✔The process by which stimuli strengthen behaviours.
✔✔Positive reinforcement - ✔✔The application or addition of a stimulus that increases
or maintains the probability of some behaviour.
✔✔Negative reinforcement - ✔✔The removal of a stimulus that in turn increases or
maintains the probability of some behaviour.
, ✔✔Extinction - ✔✔The gradual dissipation of behaviour following the termination of
reinforcement.
✔✔Punishment - ✔✔Discourage negative behaviour, administer negative
consequences so that you can decrease the probability of that behaviour.
✔✔Social learning theory - ✔✔Emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in learning
and in the regulation of people's behaviour.
✔✔Observational learning - ✔✔The process of observing and imitating the behaviour of
others.
✔✔modelling - ✔✔Imitating the behaviour of other people; self reinforcement occurs.
✔✔Self efficacy - ✔✔Beliefs people have about their ability to successfully perform a
specific task.
✔✔Self management - ✔✔The use of learning principles to regulate ones own
behaviour. (Process: self observation, observe others, set goals, rehearse, and
reinforce oneself)
✔✔Informal learning - ✔✔Learning experiences that are not planned and designed by
the organization.
✔✔Organizational behaviour modification - ✔✔The systematic use of learning principles
to influence organizational behaviour.
✔✔Employee recognition programs - ✔✔Formal organization programs that publicly
recognize and reward employees for specific behaviours.
✔✔Peer recognition programs - ✔✔Formal programs in which employees can publicly
acknowledge, recognize, and reward their co-workers for exceptional work and
performance.
✔✔Training and formal learning - ✔✔Planned organizational activities that are designed
to facilitate knowledge and skill acquisition in order to change behaviour and improve
performance.
✔✔Behaviour modelling training - ✔✔One of the most widely used and effective
methods of training, involving 5 steps based on the observational learning component of
social cognitive theory.
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Learning - ✔✔A relatively permanent change in behaviour potential that occurs due
to practice or experience.
✔✔Classical conditioning - ✔✔Learning occurs through conditioned stimuli. Pavlov -
Salivating dog
✔✔Operant Conditioning - ✔✔Learning occurs through consequences of behaviour.
Skinner - Rats
✔✔The law of effect - ✔✔E.L Thornedike - Behaviour followed by pleasant
consequences is likely to be repeated and unpleasant consequences is not likely to be
repeated. (consequences that can be manipulated)
✔✔Reinforcement - ✔✔The process by which stimuli strengthen behaviours.
✔✔Positive reinforcement - ✔✔The application or addition of a stimulus that increases
or maintains the probability of some behaviour.
✔✔Negative reinforcement - ✔✔The removal of a stimulus that in turn increases or
maintains the probability of some behaviour.
, ✔✔Extinction - ✔✔The gradual dissipation of behaviour following the termination of
reinforcement.
✔✔Punishment - ✔✔Discourage negative behaviour, administer negative
consequences so that you can decrease the probability of that behaviour.
✔✔Social learning theory - ✔✔Emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in learning
and in the regulation of people's behaviour.
✔✔Observational learning - ✔✔The process of observing and imitating the behaviour of
others.
✔✔modelling - ✔✔Imitating the behaviour of other people; self reinforcement occurs.
✔✔Self efficacy - ✔✔Beliefs people have about their ability to successfully perform a
specific task.
✔✔Self management - ✔✔The use of learning principles to regulate ones own
behaviour. (Process: self observation, observe others, set goals, rehearse, and
reinforce oneself)
✔✔Informal learning - ✔✔Learning experiences that are not planned and designed by
the organization.
✔✔Organizational behaviour modification - ✔✔The systematic use of learning principles
to influence organizational behaviour.
✔✔Employee recognition programs - ✔✔Formal organization programs that publicly
recognize and reward employees for specific behaviours.
✔✔Peer recognition programs - ✔✔Formal programs in which employees can publicly
acknowledge, recognize, and reward their co-workers for exceptional work and
performance.
✔✔Training and formal learning - ✔✔Planned organizational activities that are designed
to facilitate knowledge and skill acquisition in order to change behaviour and improve
performance.
✔✔Behaviour modelling training - ✔✔One of the most widely used and effective
methods of training, involving 5 steps based on the observational learning component of
social cognitive theory.
