NURS 4331 Nursing of Children and
Adolescents Exam 1 Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) Plus Rationale
2027 Q&A| Instant Download Pdf
1. Which principle best describes family-centered pediatric nursing
care?
A. Parents should have limited involvement during hospitalization.
B. The nurse is the primary decision-maker for the child.
C. Families are recognized as constant partners in the child's care.
D. Children should make all healthcare decisions independently.
Answer: C. Families are recognized as constant partners in the child's
care.
Rationale: Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the child's
primary source of support and should actively participate in planning,
implementing, and evaluating care. Nurses collaborate with families,
respect their values and preferences, and encourage shared decision-
making to improve health outcomes and satisfaction.
, 2. According to Erikson, the major developmental task of a toddler
is:
A. Industry versus inferiority
B. Initiative versus guilt
C. Trust versus mistrust
D. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Answer: D. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Rationale: Toddlers (1–3 years) strive to become independent by
learning to feed themselves, walk, and make simple choices.
Encouraging independence while maintaining appropriate safety helps
children develop autonomy. Excessive criticism or restriction can lead to
shame and self-doubt.
3. Which developmental stage according to Piaget includes logical
thinking about concrete events?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
,Answer: C. Concrete operational
Rationale: Children aged approximately 7–11 years enter the concrete
operational stage, during which they develop logical thinking about
concrete situations, understand conservation, classify objects, and solve
practical problems. Abstract thinking develops later during formal
operations.
4. A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant. Which finding indicates
normal growth?
A. Birth weight has tripled.
B. Birth weight has doubled.
C. Birth length has doubled.
D. The anterior fontanel has closed.
Answer: B. Birth weight has doubled.
Rationale: Most infants double their birth weight by 5–6 months and
triple it by 12 months. The anterior fontanel generally closes between 12
and 18 months. Length increases by approximately 50% during the first
year.
, 5. Which communication technique is most appropriate for a
preschool-aged child?
A. Use medical terminology.
B. Provide lengthy explanations.
C. Use simple, concrete language and play.
D. Speak only to the parents.
Answer: C. Use simple, concrete language and play.
Rationale: Preschoolers think concretely and benefit from simple
explanations, demonstrations, and therapeutic play. Play helps reduce
anxiety and increases understanding of healthcare procedures.
6. Which vital sign requires immediate notification of the healthcare
provider in a school-age child?
A. Temperature 98.9°F (37.2°C)
B. Pulse 90 beats/minute
C. Respiratory rate 20 breaths/minute
D. Blood pressure significantly below the expected range with signs of
poor perfusion
Answer: D. Blood pressure significantly below the expected range with
signs of poor perfusion.
Adolescents Exam 1 Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) Plus Rationale
2027 Q&A| Instant Download Pdf
1. Which principle best describes family-centered pediatric nursing
care?
A. Parents should have limited involvement during hospitalization.
B. The nurse is the primary decision-maker for the child.
C. Families are recognized as constant partners in the child's care.
D. Children should make all healthcare decisions independently.
Answer: C. Families are recognized as constant partners in the child's
care.
Rationale: Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the child's
primary source of support and should actively participate in planning,
implementing, and evaluating care. Nurses collaborate with families,
respect their values and preferences, and encourage shared decision-
making to improve health outcomes and satisfaction.
, 2. According to Erikson, the major developmental task of a toddler
is:
A. Industry versus inferiority
B. Initiative versus guilt
C. Trust versus mistrust
D. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Answer: D. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Rationale: Toddlers (1–3 years) strive to become independent by
learning to feed themselves, walk, and make simple choices.
Encouraging independence while maintaining appropriate safety helps
children develop autonomy. Excessive criticism or restriction can lead to
shame and self-doubt.
3. Which developmental stage according to Piaget includes logical
thinking about concrete events?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
,Answer: C. Concrete operational
Rationale: Children aged approximately 7–11 years enter the concrete
operational stage, during which they develop logical thinking about
concrete situations, understand conservation, classify objects, and solve
practical problems. Abstract thinking develops later during formal
operations.
4. A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant. Which finding indicates
normal growth?
A. Birth weight has tripled.
B. Birth weight has doubled.
C. Birth length has doubled.
D. The anterior fontanel has closed.
Answer: B. Birth weight has doubled.
Rationale: Most infants double their birth weight by 5–6 months and
triple it by 12 months. The anterior fontanel generally closes between 12
and 18 months. Length increases by approximately 50% during the first
year.
, 5. Which communication technique is most appropriate for a
preschool-aged child?
A. Use medical terminology.
B. Provide lengthy explanations.
C. Use simple, concrete language and play.
D. Speak only to the parents.
Answer: C. Use simple, concrete language and play.
Rationale: Preschoolers think concretely and benefit from simple
explanations, demonstrations, and therapeutic play. Play helps reduce
anxiety and increases understanding of healthcare procedures.
6. Which vital sign requires immediate notification of the healthcare
provider in a school-age child?
A. Temperature 98.9°F (37.2°C)
B. Pulse 90 beats/minute
C. Respiratory rate 20 breaths/minute
D. Blood pressure significantly below the expected range with signs of
poor perfusion
Answer: D. Blood pressure significantly below the expected range with
signs of poor perfusion.
