NURSING FUNDAMENTALS LATEST EXAM UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔types of knowledge - ✔✔-science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating,
and explaining events and occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to
develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired
result)
✔✔goals of nursing research - ✔✔-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
✔✔deductive reasoning - ✔✔examines a general idea and then considers specific
actions or ideas
✔✔inductive reasoning - ✔✔one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions
about general ideas
✔✔health - ✔✔a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity
, ✔✔illness - ✔✔the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process
involving changed level of functioning
✔✔wellness - ✔✔an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good
physical, mental, and emotional health
✔✔nursing theory - ✔✔differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that
it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired
outcomes of nursing care practices
✔✔evidence-based practice (EBP) - ✔✔a problem-solving approach to making clinical
decisions, using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of nursing so
best outcomes are achieved; may consist of specific nursing interventions or use
guidelines established for the care of patients
✔✔steps in implementing EBP - ✔✔Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of
interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in
making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
✔✔human dimensions that compose the whole person - ✔✔physical, intellectual,
environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
✔✔acute illness - ✔✔rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples:
cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
✔✔chronic illness - ✔✔slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by
change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of care or support;
examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
✔✔stages-of-illness behaviors - ✔✔Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
✔✔primary health promotion - ✔✔directed towards PROMOTING health and
PREVENTING the development of disease processes or injury; example: immunization
clinic, family planning services, accident prevention education
✔✔secondary health promotion - ✔✔focus on SCREENING for early detection of
disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found; example: assessing children
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔types of knowledge - ✔✔-science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating,
and explaining events and occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to
develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired
result)
✔✔goals of nursing research - ✔✔-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
✔✔deductive reasoning - ✔✔examines a general idea and then considers specific
actions or ideas
✔✔inductive reasoning - ✔✔one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions
about general ideas
✔✔health - ✔✔a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity
, ✔✔illness - ✔✔the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process
involving changed level of functioning
✔✔wellness - ✔✔an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good
physical, mental, and emotional health
✔✔nursing theory - ✔✔differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that
it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired
outcomes of nursing care practices
✔✔evidence-based practice (EBP) - ✔✔a problem-solving approach to making clinical
decisions, using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of nursing so
best outcomes are achieved; may consist of specific nursing interventions or use
guidelines established for the care of patients
✔✔steps in implementing EBP - ✔✔Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of
interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in
making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
✔✔human dimensions that compose the whole person - ✔✔physical, intellectual,
environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
✔✔acute illness - ✔✔rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples:
cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
✔✔chronic illness - ✔✔slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by
change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of care or support;
examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
✔✔stages-of-illness behaviors - ✔✔Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
✔✔primary health promotion - ✔✔directed towards PROMOTING health and
PREVENTING the development of disease processes or injury; example: immunization
clinic, family planning services, accident prevention education
✔✔secondary health promotion - ✔✔focus on SCREENING for early detection of
disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found; example: assessing children
