NURSING FUNDAMENTALS STUDY EXAMS GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔psoriasis - ✔✔common skin condition that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells, cells
build up rapidly on surface of skin and extra skin cells form scales and red patches that
are itchy and sometimes painful; chronic, comes and goes
✔✔wound - ✔✔a break or disruption in the normal integrity of the skin and tissues
✔✔intentional wound - ✔✔the result of planned invasive therapy or treatment ex.
surgery, intravenous procedure
✔✔unintentional wound - ✔✔are accidental; occur from unexpected trauma
✔✔open wound - ✔✔occurs from intentional and unintentional trauma; skin surface is
broken, providing a portal of entry for microorganisms
✔✔closed wound - ✔✔results from a blow, force, or strain caused by trauma such as a
fall, an assault, or motor vehicle crash
✔✔acute wound - ✔✔usually heal within days to weeks
✔✔chronic wound - ✔✔do not progress through stages of healing; healing impeded
, ✔✔albumin normal lab values - ✔✔3.5-5
✔✔vitamin c and zinc - ✔✔important in wound healing
✔✔phases of wound healing - ✔✔-hemostasis-vessels constrict and clotting begins
-inflammatory-white blood cells move to wound
-proliferation-granulation tissue is formed
-maturation-collagen is remodeled, forms scar
✔✔hemostasis - ✔✔occurs immediately after intial injury, blood vessels constrict and
clotting begins, exudate(drainage) forms and causes swelling and pain, increased
perfusion results in heat and redness, platelets stimulate other cells to migrate to injury
to participate in phases of healing
✔✔inflammatory phase - ✔✔follows hemostasis and lasts 4-6 days, white blood cells
move to wound, macrophages enter wound and remain extended time, they ingest
debris and release growth factors, pt has generalized body repsonse
✔✔proliferation phase - ✔✔begins 2-3 days of injury and may last up to 2-3 weeks, new
tissue is built to fill wound space through action of fibroblasts, capillaries grow across
wound, thin layer of epithelial cells form across wound, granulation tissue forms a
foundation for scar tissue to develop
✔✔maturation phase - ✔✔final stage of healing, begins 3 weeks to 6 months after
injury, collagen remodeled, new collagen tissue is deposited, scar becomes thin white
line
✔✔desiccation - ✔✔dehydration
✔✔maceration - ✔✔overhydration
✔✔trauma - ✔✔physical injury
✔✔edema - ✔✔swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in your body's tissues
✔✔necrosis - ✔✔death of tissue
✔✔wound complications - ✔✔-infection
-hemorrhage
-dehiscence(wound separates) and evisceration(protrusion)
-fistula formation
✔✔Dehiscence - ✔✔Bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔psoriasis - ✔✔common skin condition that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells, cells
build up rapidly on surface of skin and extra skin cells form scales and red patches that
are itchy and sometimes painful; chronic, comes and goes
✔✔wound - ✔✔a break or disruption in the normal integrity of the skin and tissues
✔✔intentional wound - ✔✔the result of planned invasive therapy or treatment ex.
surgery, intravenous procedure
✔✔unintentional wound - ✔✔are accidental; occur from unexpected trauma
✔✔open wound - ✔✔occurs from intentional and unintentional trauma; skin surface is
broken, providing a portal of entry for microorganisms
✔✔closed wound - ✔✔results from a blow, force, or strain caused by trauma such as a
fall, an assault, or motor vehicle crash
✔✔acute wound - ✔✔usually heal within days to weeks
✔✔chronic wound - ✔✔do not progress through stages of healing; healing impeded
, ✔✔albumin normal lab values - ✔✔3.5-5
✔✔vitamin c and zinc - ✔✔important in wound healing
✔✔phases of wound healing - ✔✔-hemostasis-vessels constrict and clotting begins
-inflammatory-white blood cells move to wound
-proliferation-granulation tissue is formed
-maturation-collagen is remodeled, forms scar
✔✔hemostasis - ✔✔occurs immediately after intial injury, blood vessels constrict and
clotting begins, exudate(drainage) forms and causes swelling and pain, increased
perfusion results in heat and redness, platelets stimulate other cells to migrate to injury
to participate in phases of healing
✔✔inflammatory phase - ✔✔follows hemostasis and lasts 4-6 days, white blood cells
move to wound, macrophages enter wound and remain extended time, they ingest
debris and release growth factors, pt has generalized body repsonse
✔✔proliferation phase - ✔✔begins 2-3 days of injury and may last up to 2-3 weeks, new
tissue is built to fill wound space through action of fibroblasts, capillaries grow across
wound, thin layer of epithelial cells form across wound, granulation tissue forms a
foundation for scar tissue to develop
✔✔maturation phase - ✔✔final stage of healing, begins 3 weeks to 6 months after
injury, collagen remodeled, new collagen tissue is deposited, scar becomes thin white
line
✔✔desiccation - ✔✔dehydration
✔✔maceration - ✔✔overhydration
✔✔trauma - ✔✔physical injury
✔✔edema - ✔✔swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in your body's tissues
✔✔necrosis - ✔✔death of tissue
✔✔wound complications - ✔✔-infection
-hemorrhage
-dehiscence(wound separates) and evisceration(protrusion)
-fistula formation
✔✔Dehiscence - ✔✔Bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound
