NUR 265 LATEST COMPREHENSIVE 2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored? - ✔✔Watch for
dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
✔✔What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient? - ✔✔-Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
✔✔What are the 2 most common causes of CKD? - ✔✔-HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
✔✔What is azotemia? - ✔✔Nitrogenous waste build up
✔✔What are manifestations of uremia? - ✔✔•Metallic taste in mouth
•Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
•Muscle cramps
•Uremic frost on skin
•Itching
•Fatigue and lethargy
•Hiccups
, •Edema
•Dyspnea
•Paresthesia's
✔✔What effects can CKD have on the cardiac system - ✔✔-HTN
-Heart failure (major problem. Call the doctor)
-Pericarditis
✔✔What effects can CKD have on the Integumentary system - ✔✔-Uremic frost
✔✔What are the dietary restrictions on CKD? - ✔✔-Protein (restrict early in disease
process to preserve kidney function)
-Potassium
-Fluid
-Sodium
✔✔Describe hemodialysis - ✔✔-3x a week- 4-5 hours
-At risk for bleeding do to heparin
-Extremely fatigued post.
-Vitals and weight before and after
-Slight fever post is normal. Monitor.
✔✔Describe peritoneal dialysis - ✔✔-Sterile procedure at home where catheter is
placed into the abdomen
-Wear a mask
-Solution may be warmed using a heating bag or blanket, not microwave!
-Make sure patient turns and repositions to mix solution in the cavity
✔✔Describe nursing care for an AV fistula. - ✔✔-Palpate and auscultate- bruit and thrill
-Distal pulses
-ROM- helps form the fistula
-Monitor for infection
-No heavy lifting or carrying
-No pressure
-Aneurysm can form at AV fistula site
✔✔Describe dialysis disequilibrium syndrome - ✔✔-Life threatening! (occurs if fluid is
pulled off too fast)
-S/S: restless, headache, decreased LOC, seizures, coma
-Call a rapid immediately
-Give barbiturates and anticonvulsants
✔✔What is cirrhosis? - ✔✔An extensive, irreversible scarring of the liver.
✔✔What are common causes of cirrhosis? - ✔✔-ETOH
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored? - ✔✔Watch for
dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
✔✔What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient? - ✔✔-Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
✔✔What are the 2 most common causes of CKD? - ✔✔-HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
✔✔What is azotemia? - ✔✔Nitrogenous waste build up
✔✔What are manifestations of uremia? - ✔✔•Metallic taste in mouth
•Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
•Muscle cramps
•Uremic frost on skin
•Itching
•Fatigue and lethargy
•Hiccups
, •Edema
•Dyspnea
•Paresthesia's
✔✔What effects can CKD have on the cardiac system - ✔✔-HTN
-Heart failure (major problem. Call the doctor)
-Pericarditis
✔✔What effects can CKD have on the Integumentary system - ✔✔-Uremic frost
✔✔What are the dietary restrictions on CKD? - ✔✔-Protein (restrict early in disease
process to preserve kidney function)
-Potassium
-Fluid
-Sodium
✔✔Describe hemodialysis - ✔✔-3x a week- 4-5 hours
-At risk for bleeding do to heparin
-Extremely fatigued post.
-Vitals and weight before and after
-Slight fever post is normal. Monitor.
✔✔Describe peritoneal dialysis - ✔✔-Sterile procedure at home where catheter is
placed into the abdomen
-Wear a mask
-Solution may be warmed using a heating bag or blanket, not microwave!
-Make sure patient turns and repositions to mix solution in the cavity
✔✔Describe nursing care for an AV fistula. - ✔✔-Palpate and auscultate- bruit and thrill
-Distal pulses
-ROM- helps form the fistula
-Monitor for infection
-No heavy lifting or carrying
-No pressure
-Aneurysm can form at AV fistula site
✔✔Describe dialysis disequilibrium syndrome - ✔✔-Life threatening! (occurs if fluid is
pulled off too fast)
-S/S: restless, headache, decreased LOC, seizures, coma
-Call a rapid immediately
-Give barbiturates and anticonvulsants
✔✔What is cirrhosis? - ✔✔An extensive, irreversible scarring of the liver.
✔✔What are common causes of cirrhosis? - ✔✔-ETOH
