AWHONN INTERMEDIATE FETAL MONITORING
TEST 2026 FINAL PAPER COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
◉ 17g/dl, fetal hgb has a higher oxygen affinity than an adult to
develop in an oxygen poor environment. The fetal circulatory
pattern ensures blood with higher O2 and nutrition content is
delivered to the vital organs (brain and heart) to tolerate the stress
of labor..
Answer: What is the normal expected value for a term fetal HGB?
◉ 1 vein, 2 arteries encased in wharton's jelly.
O2 (high content) travels via the vein
CO2 travels via 2 arteries back to placenta.
Answer: detail the umbilical cord
◉ A decrease of blood flow and O2 delivery to fetus & increases CO2
level in fetus.
Transient cord compression can be common in labor. Variable FHR
decel's is frequently associated with cord compression..
Answer: Define cord compression.
,◉ May lead to hypoxemia and fetal acidemia. The depth of variable
deceleration's is not enough to determine degree. Evaluate
oxygenation through baseline heart rate characteristics through
rate, variability and presence or absence of accelerations..
Answer: Explain persistent or recurrent cord compression concerns
and what to look at.
◉ A normal part of labor. As contractions build increased uterine
pressure prevents blood from entering/leaving the intervillous
space. During the peak the fetus relies completely on its oxygen
reserve (an aerobic challenge that is not an issue for a health fetus..
Answer: Explain transient interruptions in fetal oxygen supple
during labor.
◉ Chronic deficiency of placenta function, usually from an
interruption of oxygenation pathway due to abruption, mat. hypo or
hypertension or other issues. Infant is not tolerant of contractions.
Can result in fetal grow restrictions (FGR).
Answer: Define Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI)
◉ Assess baseline FHR
Determine rhythms (regular vs irregular)
ID accelerations and deceleration's but not the type of deceleration
(early/late/variable)
The fetal heartbeat is best heard over the fetal back..
,Answer: Auscultation of Fetal Heart Sounds tell you what
information?
Where is the best place to listen?
◉ Palpation to determine presentation and position of the fetus and
aid in location of fetal heart sounds.
Head=hard, round, movable object
Buttocks=soft and irregular shape
Back=smooth, hard surface felt on one side of the abdomen
Irregular knobs and lumps on opposite side of abdomen may be
hands, feet, elbows, and knees.
Answer: Leopold's Maneuvers
◉ Uses sonar to track the fetal myocardium & converts movement
into sound. If placed incorrectly may pick up maternal heart.
Perform Leopold's maneuvers to find fetal back, locate heartbeat,
count FHR, check mothers pulse and compare..
Answer: Handheld Fetal Doppler
◉ ID risk factors such as HTN (=vasoconstriction), Maternal
smoking, abruption, post-term pregnancy, maternal diabetes and
consider FHR characteristics.
Answer: How can you determine if the placenta is functioning
optimally?
, ◉ 500-700ml to the uterus per minute, 80% is directed to the
placenta.
Answer: How much blood normally flows to the placenta?
◉ This depends on oxygenation which is reflected in FHR variability
and accelerations on the fetal monitor tracings..
Answer: How many uterine contractions can be tolerated?
◉ Umb. cord -Proplapse
Mat. inhalation -Asthma
Placenta -Calcification
Uterus -Tachysystole
Fetus -Rh isoimmunization (fetal anemia)
Mat. circulation -Hypertension.
Answer: What conditions impact the following pathways:
Umbilical cord
Maternal inhalation
Placenta
Uterus
Fetus
Maternal circulation
TEST 2026 FINAL PAPER COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
◉ 17g/dl, fetal hgb has a higher oxygen affinity than an adult to
develop in an oxygen poor environment. The fetal circulatory
pattern ensures blood with higher O2 and nutrition content is
delivered to the vital organs (brain and heart) to tolerate the stress
of labor..
Answer: What is the normal expected value for a term fetal HGB?
◉ 1 vein, 2 arteries encased in wharton's jelly.
O2 (high content) travels via the vein
CO2 travels via 2 arteries back to placenta.
Answer: detail the umbilical cord
◉ A decrease of blood flow and O2 delivery to fetus & increases CO2
level in fetus.
Transient cord compression can be common in labor. Variable FHR
decel's is frequently associated with cord compression..
Answer: Define cord compression.
,◉ May lead to hypoxemia and fetal acidemia. The depth of variable
deceleration's is not enough to determine degree. Evaluate
oxygenation through baseline heart rate characteristics through
rate, variability and presence or absence of accelerations..
Answer: Explain persistent or recurrent cord compression concerns
and what to look at.
◉ A normal part of labor. As contractions build increased uterine
pressure prevents blood from entering/leaving the intervillous
space. During the peak the fetus relies completely on its oxygen
reserve (an aerobic challenge that is not an issue for a health fetus..
Answer: Explain transient interruptions in fetal oxygen supple
during labor.
◉ Chronic deficiency of placenta function, usually from an
interruption of oxygenation pathway due to abruption, mat. hypo or
hypertension or other issues. Infant is not tolerant of contractions.
Can result in fetal grow restrictions (FGR).
Answer: Define Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI)
◉ Assess baseline FHR
Determine rhythms (regular vs irregular)
ID accelerations and deceleration's but not the type of deceleration
(early/late/variable)
The fetal heartbeat is best heard over the fetal back..
,Answer: Auscultation of Fetal Heart Sounds tell you what
information?
Where is the best place to listen?
◉ Palpation to determine presentation and position of the fetus and
aid in location of fetal heart sounds.
Head=hard, round, movable object
Buttocks=soft and irregular shape
Back=smooth, hard surface felt on one side of the abdomen
Irregular knobs and lumps on opposite side of abdomen may be
hands, feet, elbows, and knees.
Answer: Leopold's Maneuvers
◉ Uses sonar to track the fetal myocardium & converts movement
into sound. If placed incorrectly may pick up maternal heart.
Perform Leopold's maneuvers to find fetal back, locate heartbeat,
count FHR, check mothers pulse and compare..
Answer: Handheld Fetal Doppler
◉ ID risk factors such as HTN (=vasoconstriction), Maternal
smoking, abruption, post-term pregnancy, maternal diabetes and
consider FHR characteristics.
Answer: How can you determine if the placenta is functioning
optimally?
, ◉ 500-700ml to the uterus per minute, 80% is directed to the
placenta.
Answer: How much blood normally flows to the placenta?
◉ This depends on oxygenation which is reflected in FHR variability
and accelerations on the fetal monitor tracings..
Answer: How many uterine contractions can be tolerated?
◉ Umb. cord -Proplapse
Mat. inhalation -Asthma
Placenta -Calcification
Uterus -Tachysystole
Fetus -Rh isoimmunization (fetal anemia)
Mat. circulation -Hypertension.
Answer: What conditions impact the following pathways:
Umbilical cord
Maternal inhalation
Placenta
Uterus
Fetus
Maternal circulation
