GBL 323 Exam 1 Test Questions and
Already Passed Answers 2026.
critical thinking - Answer a process that: identifies and challenges assumptions, challenges
the importance of context, tries to imagine and explore alternatives, reflective skepticism
critical thinking is centrally concerned with reasons - Answer identifying reasons, evaluating
reasons, giving reasons to put forth a clear argument
IRAC Method - Answer I- Issue
R- Rule of Law
A- Analysis of Facts
C- Conclusion
Three powers of government - Answer legislative power, executive power, judicial power
two main judicial systems - Answer federal judicial system, state judicial system
federal judicial system - Answer U.S. supreme court, military courts, bankruptcy courts,
immigration courts, tax courts, appeals courts, district courts
state judicial system - Answer state supreme court, appeals court, circuit courts, district
courts, probate courts
definition of law - Answer a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by the controlling
authority, and having binding legal force
functions of law - Answer keeping the peace, shaping moral standards, promoting social
justice, maintaining the status quo, facilitating planning, maximizing individual freedom
jurisprudence - Answer the philosophy or science of the law. there are many schools of
jurisprudential though
natural law school - Answer postulates that law is based on what is "correct." law should be
be based on morality and ethics
, legal positivism school - Answer believes that law is separate from moral values. every
enacted law should be a good and enforceable law. believes that law is a set of rules developed,
communicated, and enforced by the ruling party
american legal realism school - Answer maintains that law should focus on the actors in the
judicial system, like judges, instead of social conditions and values
sociological school - Answer asserts that law is a means of achieving and advancing certain
sociological goals and promote social welfare
feminist school - Answer believes that law today promotes gender inequality and should be
changed to accommodate women's views
critical legal studies school - Answer maintains that legal rules are unnecessary and that legal
disputes should be solved by applying arbitrary rules based on fairness. the basic view of this
school is that the law is politics and it is not neutral or value free- created by elitists
law and economics school - Answer believes that promoting market efficiency should be the
central concern of legal decision making
english common law - Answer developed by judges who issued their opinions when deciding
a case. the principles announced in these cases became precedent for later judges deciding
similar cases. is used by all states except Louisiana- uses civil law
sources of law in the U.S. - Answer constitutions, codified law, treaties, executive orders,
agency rules and regulations, judicial decisions
constitutions - Answer the U.S. constitution established the structure of the federal govt and
enumerates it powers. created 3 branches: legislative, executive, judicial
treaties - Answer a compact (agreement) made between two or more nations
codified law: statutes and ordinances - Answer statutes- written law enacted by the
legislative branches of federal and state govts
ordinances- laws enacted by local govt bodies such as cities and municipalities, counties, school
districts, and water districts
executive orders - Answer an order issued by a member of the executive branch of govt
Already Passed Answers 2026.
critical thinking - Answer a process that: identifies and challenges assumptions, challenges
the importance of context, tries to imagine and explore alternatives, reflective skepticism
critical thinking is centrally concerned with reasons - Answer identifying reasons, evaluating
reasons, giving reasons to put forth a clear argument
IRAC Method - Answer I- Issue
R- Rule of Law
A- Analysis of Facts
C- Conclusion
Three powers of government - Answer legislative power, executive power, judicial power
two main judicial systems - Answer federal judicial system, state judicial system
federal judicial system - Answer U.S. supreme court, military courts, bankruptcy courts,
immigration courts, tax courts, appeals courts, district courts
state judicial system - Answer state supreme court, appeals court, circuit courts, district
courts, probate courts
definition of law - Answer a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by the controlling
authority, and having binding legal force
functions of law - Answer keeping the peace, shaping moral standards, promoting social
justice, maintaining the status quo, facilitating planning, maximizing individual freedom
jurisprudence - Answer the philosophy or science of the law. there are many schools of
jurisprudential though
natural law school - Answer postulates that law is based on what is "correct." law should be
be based on morality and ethics
, legal positivism school - Answer believes that law is separate from moral values. every
enacted law should be a good and enforceable law. believes that law is a set of rules developed,
communicated, and enforced by the ruling party
american legal realism school - Answer maintains that law should focus on the actors in the
judicial system, like judges, instead of social conditions and values
sociological school - Answer asserts that law is a means of achieving and advancing certain
sociological goals and promote social welfare
feminist school - Answer believes that law today promotes gender inequality and should be
changed to accommodate women's views
critical legal studies school - Answer maintains that legal rules are unnecessary and that legal
disputes should be solved by applying arbitrary rules based on fairness. the basic view of this
school is that the law is politics and it is not neutral or value free- created by elitists
law and economics school - Answer believes that promoting market efficiency should be the
central concern of legal decision making
english common law - Answer developed by judges who issued their opinions when deciding
a case. the principles announced in these cases became precedent for later judges deciding
similar cases. is used by all states except Louisiana- uses civil law
sources of law in the U.S. - Answer constitutions, codified law, treaties, executive orders,
agency rules and regulations, judicial decisions
constitutions - Answer the U.S. constitution established the structure of the federal govt and
enumerates it powers. created 3 branches: legislative, executive, judicial
treaties - Answer a compact (agreement) made between two or more nations
codified law: statutes and ordinances - Answer statutes- written law enacted by the
legislative branches of federal and state govts
ordinances- laws enacted by local govt bodies such as cities and municipalities, counties, school
districts, and water districts
executive orders - Answer an order issued by a member of the executive branch of govt
