Comprehensive Practice Exam
Questions (Actual Exam 2026-2027)
Correct Detailed & Verified ANSWERS
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1. Which security principle ensures users have only the
permissions necessary to perform their job?
A. Separation of duties
B. Defense in depth
C. Least privilege
D. Need to know
Answer: C. Least privilege
Least privilege minimizes security risks by granting only the
minimum permissions required for users to complete their
assigned tasks.
2. Which type of malware encrypts files and demands
payment for decryption?
,A. Trojan
B. Worm
C. Ransomware
D. Spyware
Answer: C. Ransomware
Ransomware encrypts data and typically demands a ransom
in exchange for the decryption key.
3. Which CIA triad component ensures data has not been
altered?
A. Availability
B. Integrity
C. Confidentiality
D. Accountability
Answer: B. Integrity
Integrity guarantees that information remains accurate,
complete, and unmodified.
4. Which protocol provides secure remote command-line
administration?
A. FTP
B. Telnet
C. SSH
,D. SNMP
Answer: C. SSH
Secure Shell (SSH) encrypts authentication and remote
management traffic.
5. What is the default port for HTTPS?
A. 80
B. 22
C. 25
D. 443
Answer: D. 443
HTTPS encrypts web traffic using TLS and operates on TCP
port 443.
6. Which attack sends fraudulent emails designed to steal
credentials?
A. Tailgating
B. Shoulder surfing
C. Phishing
D. Spoofing
Answer: C. Phishing
Phishing relies on deceptive emails that trick users into
revealing sensitive information.
, 7. Multi-factor authentication requires:
A. Two passwords
B. Two or more different authentication factors
C. Username and PIN
D. Biometrics only
Answer: B. Two or more different authentication factors
MFA combines factors such as something you know, have, or
are.
8. Which authentication factor does a fingerprint represent?
A. Something you know
B. Something you have
C. Something you are
D. Somewhere you are
Answer: C. Something you are
Biometric characteristics fall under the "something you are"
authentication factor.
9. Which firewall filters traffic based on connection state?
A. Packet-filtering firewall
B. Stateful firewall