Subtest 1a, Domain 1 2026
Expert Verifed Ace the Test
Stages of Reading Development - ANSWER ✔✔-The emergent
reader
-The beginning reader
-The fluent reader
-The remedial reader
The Emergent Reader: Age - ANSWER ✔✔Early childhood to pre-K
(pre-alphabetic)
,The Emergent Reader: Developmental Expectation - ANSWER ✔✔-
Beginning of awareness that text progresses from left to right
-Children scribble and recognize distinctive visual clues in environmental
print, such as letters in their names
The Emergent Reader: Reading Instruction - ANSWER ✔✔Begin
phonemic awareness:
-Help to recognize print in environment
-Help to make predictions in stories
-Observe pretending to read
-Help to recognize letter shapes
The Beginning Reader: Age - ANSWER ✔✔K to 2nd/3rd grade
(alphabetic)
The Beginning Reader: Developmental Expectation - ANSWER ✔✔-
Letters are associated with sounds
-Children begin to read simple CVC words (such as mat, sun, pin)
-They usually represent such words with a single sound, and later spell
with the first and last consonant: for example, CT for cat
-When writing later, vowels are included in each syllable
,-Children now rhyme and blend words
-When reading later, they begin to recognize "chunks," or phonograms.
The Beginning Reader: Reading Instruction - ANSWER
✔✔Systematic and explicit instruction, including:
-Phonics, phonemic awareness, blending, decoding
-Vocabulary word-attack skills, spelling
-Text comprehension
-Listening and writing
The Fluent Reader: Age - ANSWER ✔✔4th to 8th grade
(orthographic)
The Fluent Reader: Developmental Expectation - ANSWER ✔✔-
Students read larger units of print and use analogy to decode larger
words
-Decoding becomes fluent
-Reading, accuracy and speed are stressed
The Fluent Reader: Reading Instruction - ANSWER ✔✔Systematic
and explicit instruction, including:
-Word-attack skills (multisyllabic words)
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3
, -Decoding
-Spelling and vocabulary
-Fluency
-Text comprehension (context skills)
-Utilizing metacognition
The Remedial Reader: Age - ANSWER ✔✔3rd to 8th grade (students
who do not demonstrate competency)
The Remedial Reader: Developmental Expectation - ANSWER ✔✔-
The key approach to successful reading programs is preventive rather
than remedial while understanding that there is a full range of learners in
the classroom
-Therefore, students who are struggling to read are taught from the
same systematic framework taught in the early grades of successful
readers
The Remedial Reader: Reading Instruction - ANSWER ✔✔Includes
re-teaching all of the modalities taught as a "beginning reader" and
emphasizing:
-Assessment of identified reading weaknesses
-Teaching explicit strategies based on diagnosis