BIO 123 REVIEWS TIPS SET QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔most polysaccharides are just multiples of... - ✔✔a CH2O monosaccharide
✔✔Which three important disaccharides have the formula C12H22O11? - ✔✔sucrose:
glucose + fructose, table sugar
lactose: glucose + galactose, dairy
maltose: glucose + glucose, germinating seeds, starch breakdown
✔✔Glycosidic linkage - ✔✔a covalent bond that connects a sugar to another group
✔✔Humans cannot digest cellulose but we can digest starch because... - ✔✔cellulose
has beta-linkages and starch has alpha-linkages
✔✔Trans fat - ✔✔unsaturated fat that hydrogen was added to & is harder for the body
to process
✔✔What are the four important functions of fats? - ✔✔energy storage, structural
components, cushioning/ protection, and insulation
✔✔Steroids - ✔✔lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings
, ✔✔Types of steroids - ✔✔cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone
✔✔What do amino acids contain? - ✔✔amino group, carboxyl group, alpha carbon and
R group
✔✔Example of enzymatic proteins - ✔✔digestive enzymes
✔✔Example of defensive proteins - ✔✔antibodies
✔✔Example of storage proteins - ✔✔casein (milk protein)
✔✔Example of transport proteins - ✔✔hemoglobin
✔✔Example of hormonal proteins - ✔✔insulin
✔✔Example of structural proteins - ✔✔keratin and collagen
✔✔What are the levels of protein structure? - ✔✔1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Quaternary
✔✔Unique sequence of amino acids - ✔✔Primary level of protein structure
✔✔Coils and folds in a polypeptide chain (alpha helix and beta sheet) - ✔✔Secondary
level of protein structure
✔✔interactions among various R-groups - ✔✔Tertiary
✔✔A protein with multiple polypeptide chains - ✔✔Quaternary
✔✔One substitution of an amino acid in hemoglobin causes what? - ✔✔sickle cell
disease
✔✔Excessive heat, chemicals that disrupt bonding, and moving from an aqueous to a
nonpolar solvent can cause what? - ✔✔Denaturation (losing structure)
✔✔What diseases come from misfolded proteins? - ✔✔cystic fibrosis, alzheimer's,
parkinsons, and mad cow disease
✔✔Phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base - ✔✔components of a nucleotide
✔✔What type of cells have no nucleus? - ✔✔prokaryotes
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔most polysaccharides are just multiples of... - ✔✔a CH2O monosaccharide
✔✔Which three important disaccharides have the formula C12H22O11? - ✔✔sucrose:
glucose + fructose, table sugar
lactose: glucose + galactose, dairy
maltose: glucose + glucose, germinating seeds, starch breakdown
✔✔Glycosidic linkage - ✔✔a covalent bond that connects a sugar to another group
✔✔Humans cannot digest cellulose but we can digest starch because... - ✔✔cellulose
has beta-linkages and starch has alpha-linkages
✔✔Trans fat - ✔✔unsaturated fat that hydrogen was added to & is harder for the body
to process
✔✔What are the four important functions of fats? - ✔✔energy storage, structural
components, cushioning/ protection, and insulation
✔✔Steroids - ✔✔lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings
, ✔✔Types of steroids - ✔✔cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone
✔✔What do amino acids contain? - ✔✔amino group, carboxyl group, alpha carbon and
R group
✔✔Example of enzymatic proteins - ✔✔digestive enzymes
✔✔Example of defensive proteins - ✔✔antibodies
✔✔Example of storage proteins - ✔✔casein (milk protein)
✔✔Example of transport proteins - ✔✔hemoglobin
✔✔Example of hormonal proteins - ✔✔insulin
✔✔Example of structural proteins - ✔✔keratin and collagen
✔✔What are the levels of protein structure? - ✔✔1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Quaternary
✔✔Unique sequence of amino acids - ✔✔Primary level of protein structure
✔✔Coils and folds in a polypeptide chain (alpha helix and beta sheet) - ✔✔Secondary
level of protein structure
✔✔interactions among various R-groups - ✔✔Tertiary
✔✔A protein with multiple polypeptide chains - ✔✔Quaternary
✔✔One substitution of an amino acid in hemoglobin causes what? - ✔✔sickle cell
disease
✔✔Excessive heat, chemicals that disrupt bonding, and moving from an aqueous to a
nonpolar solvent can cause what? - ✔✔Denaturation (losing structure)
✔✔What diseases come from misfolded proteins? - ✔✔cystic fibrosis, alzheimer's,
parkinsons, and mad cow disease
✔✔Phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base - ✔✔components of a nucleotide
✔✔What type of cells have no nucleus? - ✔✔prokaryotes
