CALT Exam Complete Study Guide
Questions and Answers Updated
2026/2027 Version | Verified Answers
1. When does language acquisition begin? - ANSWER ✅ At birth; newborns
are aware of the sounds around them and react to them; they listen to people
talking around them & get startled or cry when they hear a loud or
unexpected noise; new sounds make them still and quiet.
2. When do babies learn to turn to you when you speak and smile when they
hear your voice? - ANSWER ✅ 0-3 months
3. When do babies respond to the word "no"? - ANSWER ✅ 4-6 months; they
are also responsive to changes in your tone of voice, and to sounds other
than speech
4. When do babies show fascination with toys and objects that make sounds,
enjoy music and rhythm, and look for the source of new sounds, such as the
toaster, birdsong, or the sounds of machines and animals? - ANSWER ✅ 4-
6 months
5. At what age do babies listen when spoken to and turn and look when called
by name? - ANSWER ✅ 7-12 months
6. When do babies enjoy games like "round and round the garden", "peek-a-
boo", "I see", and "pat-a-cake"? - ANSWER ✅ 7-12 months
,7. When do babies recognize names of familiar objects like "daddy", "car",
"phone", and "key"? - ANSWER ✅ 7-12 months
8. When do babies begin to respond to requests and questions (more juice?)? -
ANSWER ✅ 7-12 months
9. At what ages do children typically point to pictures in a book? - ANSWER
✅ 1-2 years
10.At what ages do children name and identify a few body parts, such as their
nose, eyes, & stomach? - ANSWER ✅ 1-2 years
11.At what age, do children follow simple commands like "Don't touch; it's
hot!"? - ANSWER ✅ 1-2 years
12.At what age do children understand simple questions like "what is in your
purse?" Or "where is bunny?"? - ANSWER ✅ 1-2 years
13.At what age do children listen to simple stories and songs & may request
repetitions of the same story, rhyme, or game? - ANSWER ✅ 1-2 years
14.When do children comprehend 2 part instructions? - ANSWER ✅ 2-3 years
15.When do children understand contrasting ideas like hot/cold, stop/go, in/on,
and happy/sad? - ANSWER ✅ 2-3 years
,16.When do children start identifying sounds like the telephone or doorbell
ringing? - ANSWER ✅ 2-3 years
17.At what age do children enjoy stories and can answer simple questions about
them? - ANSWER ✅ 4-5 years
18.Name the linguistic hierarchy of words. (From bottom to top) - ANSWER
✅ 1. Word boundaries within sentences (Ex: I like running)
2. Syllables in words (Ex: hot-dog; coo-kie; moose)
3. Onset/rime units (Ex: h-rose; g-ame; r-ain)
4. Phonemes in words (Ex: /d/ /o/ /g/; /k/ /a/ /t/)
19.True or False. Written and Oral Language are not the same. - ANSWER ✅
True
20.What 6 things does Written Language require? - ANSWER ✅ 1. Cognitive
Factors. 2. Linguistic Factors. 3. Narrative Considerations. 4. Graphomotor
Skills. 5. Visual ability 6. Temporal Factors
21.What are appropriate remediation instructions for those not progressing
through typical stages (reading, writing)? - ANSWER ✅ Multi-sensory,
explicit instruction; Constantly ask and answer language questions; Use age
appropriate language
22.Phonology - ANSWER ✅ sound system of language; intonation, accent,
loudness, pitch, juncture, & rate; discriminate between sounds; requires
articulatory ability
, 23.Morphology - ANSWER ✅ Word formation from parts; relationship from
oral speech to print; word meaning extension; essential in language and
literacy development (decoding, fluency, comprehension, spelling)
24.Syntax - ANSWER ✅ system of the rules for production and
comprehension of sentences; sentence type variety; grammar, usage, order of
words; rules that govern how the words in our language are linked together;
word relationship building in a sentence (purpose, fluency &
comprehension)
25.Semantics - ANSWER ✅ The meaning of language; literal & figurative
meaning; associates if sentence are grammatically correct or if the meaning
of the relationship is acceptable; impacts reading & listening comprehension
26.Pragmatics - ANSWER ✅ set of rules dictating communicative behavior
both speaking and actively listening; Conversation rules & intentioned
meaning in a particular context; Understanding the social uses of language
and basic social rules of communication
27.Metalinguistic Skills - ANSWER ✅ language as an entity (talk and think
about language)
28.Top-Down Theory - ANSWER ✅ Sight Reading - Kenneth Goodman &
Frank Smith - psycholinguistic guessing game; Cognitive to Sensory; Whole
Language; "Finger-point" reading
29.Bottom-Up Theory - ANSWER ✅ Up to .80 correlations between the rate of
context-free word recognition and reading comprehension; Sub-processes
such as letter and word identification must become automatic in order for
readers to be fluent; Orton-Gillingham programs are multisensory programs.
Questions and Answers Updated
2026/2027 Version | Verified Answers
1. When does language acquisition begin? - ANSWER ✅ At birth; newborns
are aware of the sounds around them and react to them; they listen to people
talking around them & get startled or cry when they hear a loud or
unexpected noise; new sounds make them still and quiet.
2. When do babies learn to turn to you when you speak and smile when they
hear your voice? - ANSWER ✅ 0-3 months
3. When do babies respond to the word "no"? - ANSWER ✅ 4-6 months; they
are also responsive to changes in your tone of voice, and to sounds other
than speech
4. When do babies show fascination with toys and objects that make sounds,
enjoy music and rhythm, and look for the source of new sounds, such as the
toaster, birdsong, or the sounds of machines and animals? - ANSWER ✅ 4-
6 months
5. At what age do babies listen when spoken to and turn and look when called
by name? - ANSWER ✅ 7-12 months
6. When do babies enjoy games like "round and round the garden", "peek-a-
boo", "I see", and "pat-a-cake"? - ANSWER ✅ 7-12 months
,7. When do babies recognize names of familiar objects like "daddy", "car",
"phone", and "key"? - ANSWER ✅ 7-12 months
8. When do babies begin to respond to requests and questions (more juice?)? -
ANSWER ✅ 7-12 months
9. At what ages do children typically point to pictures in a book? - ANSWER
✅ 1-2 years
10.At what ages do children name and identify a few body parts, such as their
nose, eyes, & stomach? - ANSWER ✅ 1-2 years
11.At what age, do children follow simple commands like "Don't touch; it's
hot!"? - ANSWER ✅ 1-2 years
12.At what age do children understand simple questions like "what is in your
purse?" Or "where is bunny?"? - ANSWER ✅ 1-2 years
13.At what age do children listen to simple stories and songs & may request
repetitions of the same story, rhyme, or game? - ANSWER ✅ 1-2 years
14.When do children comprehend 2 part instructions? - ANSWER ✅ 2-3 years
15.When do children understand contrasting ideas like hot/cold, stop/go, in/on,
and happy/sad? - ANSWER ✅ 2-3 years
,16.When do children start identifying sounds like the telephone or doorbell
ringing? - ANSWER ✅ 2-3 years
17.At what age do children enjoy stories and can answer simple questions about
them? - ANSWER ✅ 4-5 years
18.Name the linguistic hierarchy of words. (From bottom to top) - ANSWER
✅ 1. Word boundaries within sentences (Ex: I like running)
2. Syllables in words (Ex: hot-dog; coo-kie; moose)
3. Onset/rime units (Ex: h-rose; g-ame; r-ain)
4. Phonemes in words (Ex: /d/ /o/ /g/; /k/ /a/ /t/)
19.True or False. Written and Oral Language are not the same. - ANSWER ✅
True
20.What 6 things does Written Language require? - ANSWER ✅ 1. Cognitive
Factors. 2. Linguistic Factors. 3. Narrative Considerations. 4. Graphomotor
Skills. 5. Visual ability 6. Temporal Factors
21.What are appropriate remediation instructions for those not progressing
through typical stages (reading, writing)? - ANSWER ✅ Multi-sensory,
explicit instruction; Constantly ask and answer language questions; Use age
appropriate language
22.Phonology - ANSWER ✅ sound system of language; intonation, accent,
loudness, pitch, juncture, & rate; discriminate between sounds; requires
articulatory ability
, 23.Morphology - ANSWER ✅ Word formation from parts; relationship from
oral speech to print; word meaning extension; essential in language and
literacy development (decoding, fluency, comprehension, spelling)
24.Syntax - ANSWER ✅ system of the rules for production and
comprehension of sentences; sentence type variety; grammar, usage, order of
words; rules that govern how the words in our language are linked together;
word relationship building in a sentence (purpose, fluency &
comprehension)
25.Semantics - ANSWER ✅ The meaning of language; literal & figurative
meaning; associates if sentence are grammatically correct or if the meaning
of the relationship is acceptable; impacts reading & listening comprehension
26.Pragmatics - ANSWER ✅ set of rules dictating communicative behavior
both speaking and actively listening; Conversation rules & intentioned
meaning in a particular context; Understanding the social uses of language
and basic social rules of communication
27.Metalinguistic Skills - ANSWER ✅ language as an entity (talk and think
about language)
28.Top-Down Theory - ANSWER ✅ Sight Reading - Kenneth Goodman &
Frank Smith - psycholinguistic guessing game; Cognitive to Sensory; Whole
Language; "Finger-point" reading
29.Bottom-Up Theory - ANSWER ✅ Up to .80 correlations between the rate of
context-free word recognition and reading comprehension; Sub-processes
such as letter and word identification must become automatic in order for
readers to be fluent; Orton-Gillingham programs are multisensory programs.
