BIOL 235 MIDTERM 2 WITH
DETAILED QUESTIONS AND
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ (2026)
between the origin and insertion which is usually located proximally in limbs ? - answer-
Origin
What happens during REVERSE MUSCLE ACTION? - answer-specific movements of the
body the actions are reversed THEREFOR the positions of the origin and insertion of a
muscle are switched
What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever? - answer-if the load is
closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther from the fulcrum only a small about of
effort is needed to move the load
Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever - answer-fulcrum
Agonist (Prime Movers) _________ muscles while antagonist ____________ muscles -
answer-contract, relax
What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called? - answer-
synergists
What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called? - answer-
Compartment
Origin an insertion of the masseter - answer-Origin = maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible
,What is the origin of the deltoid ? - answer-acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion, and
spine of scapula
What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ? - answer-semimebranosous,
semitendinosus, biceps femoris
What 4 muscles make up the Quads ? - answer-rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus
medialis, vastus intermedialis
What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up primarily of neuron cell
bodies? - answer-Ganglia
The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________ muscles - answer-skeletal
Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system? -
answer-Sympathetic
What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential? -
answer-electrical excitability
What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon , and are norm ally
found in brain and spinal cord as well as motor neurons? - answer-Multipolar
What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as well as are primarily
found in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and the olfactory area of brain? - answer-Bipolar
What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a
continuous process that emerges from the cell body? - answer-Unipolar or
Pseudounipolar
, The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries, neurons, and the pia
mater - answer-astrocytes
What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to support neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
4. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve impulse generation
5. play a role in hearing and memory - answer-Astrocytes
What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain fewer processes as
well as are responsible fro forming nd maintiang myelin sheath? - answer-
Oligodendrocytes
What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give them a spine like
projections as well as act as phagocytes? - answer-Microglial Cells
What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer that
possess microvilli and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in the
circulation of CSF - answer-Ependymal Cells
What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS? - answer-Schwann and satellite cells
What type of motor neuron directly supplies skeletal muscle fibers? - answer-lower
motor neurons
What do all of these factors contribute to?
1. unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol
DETAILED QUESTIONS AND
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ (2026)
between the origin and insertion which is usually located proximally in limbs ? - answer-
Origin
What happens during REVERSE MUSCLE ACTION? - answer-specific movements of the
body the actions are reversed THEREFOR the positions of the origin and insertion of a
muscle are switched
What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever? - answer-if the load is
closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther from the fulcrum only a small about of
effort is needed to move the load
Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever - answer-fulcrum
Agonist (Prime Movers) _________ muscles while antagonist ____________ muscles -
answer-contract, relax
What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called? - answer-
synergists
What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called? - answer-
Compartment
Origin an insertion of the masseter - answer-Origin = maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible
,What is the origin of the deltoid ? - answer-acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion, and
spine of scapula
What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ? - answer-semimebranosous,
semitendinosus, biceps femoris
What 4 muscles make up the Quads ? - answer-rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus
medialis, vastus intermedialis
What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up primarily of neuron cell
bodies? - answer-Ganglia
The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________ muscles - answer-skeletal
Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system? -
answer-Sympathetic
What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential? -
answer-electrical excitability
What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon , and are norm ally
found in brain and spinal cord as well as motor neurons? - answer-Multipolar
What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as well as are primarily
found in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and the olfactory area of brain? - answer-Bipolar
What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a
continuous process that emerges from the cell body? - answer-Unipolar or
Pseudounipolar
, The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries, neurons, and the pia
mater - answer-astrocytes
What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to support neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
4. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve impulse generation
5. play a role in hearing and memory - answer-Astrocytes
What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain fewer processes as
well as are responsible fro forming nd maintiang myelin sheath? - answer-
Oligodendrocytes
What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give them a spine like
projections as well as act as phagocytes? - answer-Microglial Cells
What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer that
possess microvilli and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in the
circulation of CSF - answer-Ependymal Cells
What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS? - answer-Schwann and satellite cells
What type of motor neuron directly supplies skeletal muscle fibers? - answer-lower
motor neurons
What do all of these factors contribute to?
1. unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol
