BIO 315 TEST 1 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy - Correct Answers -The study of anatomical
similarities and differences between vertebrates to understand form, function, and
evolution
Homology - Correct Answers -Shared ancestor
Analogy - Correct Answers -Shared function
Types of fish tail shapes - Correct Answers -Homocercal tail and Heterocercal tail
Are fish tails homologous or analogous? - Correct Answers -Analogous (have different
form but share function)
Phylogeny - Correct Answers -The course of evolution; an evolutionary history
Ancestral Trait (Primitive) - Correct Answers -Trait from a distant ancestor
Derived Trait - Correct Answers -A trait that evolved in one group but not the other
group (a new trait) that sets them apart from other groups in the lineage
Synapomorphy - Correct Answers -Two taxa share a derived trait (must be
homologous); also known as shared derived traits
Symplesiomorphy - Correct Answers -Two taxa share an ancestral trait; also known as
shared ancestral traits
Sister group - Correct Answers -taxon most closely related to the group we are studying
Clade - Correct Answers -all organisms in a lineage, including the ancestor (ex: all the
placental mammals)
Monophyletic - Correct Answers -Ancestor and all of its descendants
Polyphyletic - Correct Answers -Individuals from more than one monophyletic group
Paraphyletic - Correct Answers -Groups that include a common ancestor and some but
not all of its descendants
What did the notochord evolve into? - Correct Answers -The vertebral column
Vertebrae - Correct Answers -stiff elements (cartilage or bone)
Intervertebral disks - Correct Answers -Provided mobility to the vertebral column
Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy - Correct Answers -The study of anatomical
similarities and differences between vertebrates to understand form, function, and
evolution
Homology - Correct Answers -Shared ancestor
Analogy - Correct Answers -Shared function
Types of fish tail shapes - Correct Answers -Homocercal tail and Heterocercal tail
Are fish tails homologous or analogous? - Correct Answers -Analogous (have different
form but share function)
Phylogeny - Correct Answers -The course of evolution; an evolutionary history
Ancestral Trait (Primitive) - Correct Answers -Trait from a distant ancestor
Derived Trait - Correct Answers -A trait that evolved in one group but not the other
group (a new trait) that sets them apart from other groups in the lineage
Synapomorphy - Correct Answers -Two taxa share a derived trait (must be
homologous); also known as shared derived traits
Symplesiomorphy - Correct Answers -Two taxa share an ancestral trait; also known as
shared ancestral traits
Sister group - Correct Answers -taxon most closely related to the group we are studying
Clade - Correct Answers -all organisms in a lineage, including the ancestor (ex: all the
placental mammals)
Monophyletic - Correct Answers -Ancestor and all of its descendants
Polyphyletic - Correct Answers -Individuals from more than one monophyletic group
Paraphyletic - Correct Answers -Groups that include a common ancestor and some but
not all of its descendants
What did the notochord evolve into? - Correct Answers -The vertebral column
Vertebrae - Correct Answers -stiff elements (cartilage or bone)
Intervertebral disks - Correct Answers -Provided mobility to the vertebral column
