Pharmacology Exam V2 – Nightingale College (2026/2027 Update) with
a table of contents, verified answers, and rationales. This layout is
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BSN HESI 315 Pharmacology Exam V2 – Practice
Questions & Correct Answers (2026/2027 Update)
100% Verified | Rated A+ | Nightingale College
📑 Table of Contents
1. Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics
2. Cardiovascular & Renal Agents
3. Respiratory & GI Pharmacology
4. Endocrine & Reproductive Drugs
5. Neurological & Psychiatric Agents
6. Pain Management & Anesthetics
7. Antimicrobials & Chemotherapy
8. Case Scenarios & Critical Thinking
Section 1: Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics
Q1. The “first-pass effect” refers to: Correct Answer: Hepatic metabolism
reducing drug bioavailability Rationale: Oral drugs undergo liver metabolism before
systemic circulation.
Q2. Half-life determines: Correct Answer: Time for plasma concentration to
decrease by 50% Rationale: Guides dosing intervals and steady-state achievement.
Q3. Therapeutic index measures: Correct Answer: Margin between effective and
toxic dose Rationale: Narrow index drugs require close monitoring.
Section 2: Cardiovascular & Renal Agents
, Q4. ACE inhibitors commonly cause: Correct Answer: Persistent dry cough
Rationale: Due to bradykinin accumulation.
Q5. Furosemide adverse effect: Correct Answer: Hypokalemia Rationale: Loop
diuretics increase potassium excretion.
Q6. Digoxin toxicity signs: Correct Answer: Nausea, visual disturbances,
arrhythmias Rationale: Narrow therapeutic window requires monitoring.
Q7. Statins are used to: Correct Answer: Lower LDL cholesterol Rationale:
Reduce cardiovascular risk.
Q8. Nitroglycerin relieves angina by: Correct Answer: Vasodilation and reduced
myocardial oxygen demand Rationale: Dilates veins and coronary arteries.
Section 3: Respiratory & GI Pharmacology
Q9. Albuterol is classified as: Correct Answer: Short-acting beta-2 agonist
Rationale: Provides rapid bronchodilation in asthma.
Q10. Adverse effect of corticosteroid inhalers: Correct Answer: Oral candidiasis
(thrush) Rationale: Local immunosuppression increases fungal risk.
Q11. Proton pump inhibitors reduce: Correct Answer: Gastric acid secretion
Rationale: Effective in GERD and peptic ulcer disease.
Q12. Metoclopramide is indicated for: Correct Answer: Gastroparesis and
nausea Rationale: Enhances gastric emptying and reduces nausea.
Section 4: Endocrine & Reproductive Drugs
Q13. Insulin lispro is: Correct Answer: Rapid-acting insulin Rationale:
Administered before meals for postprandial glucose control.
Q14. Levothyroxine treats: Correct Answer: Hypothyroidism Rationale: Synthetic
T4 replacement.
Q15. Oral contraceptives risk: Correct Answer: Thromboembolism Rationale:
Estrogen increases clotting factors.
Q16. Metformin is contraindicated in: Correct Answer: Renal impairment
Rationale: Risk of lactic acidosis.
Section 5: Neurological & Psychiatric Agents