NURS8022 - FINAL EXAM: NEURO
100% ACCURATE
Neuron - ANSWERa nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
Neuroglia - ANSWER"nerve glue"; many types of cells that support, insulate, and
protect neurons
Soma - ANSWERcell body; densely packed cell bodies in the CNS are nuclei; ganglia
or plexus in PNS
dendrites - ANSWERcarry nerve impulses toward the cell body; receptive portion of the
neuron that receives a stimulus and continues further conduction
Axon - ANSWERcarry nerve impulses away from the cell body
Sensory neuron - ANSWERtransmit afferent impulses from sensory receptors to the
CNS
Associational (interneurons) - ANSWERtransmit impulses from neuron to neuron
Motor neuron - ANSWERtransmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to
muscles and glandular epithelial tissues (efferent)
Wallerian degeneration - ANSWERdegeneration of a nerve fiber that has been
separated by injury or disease
Nerve Regeneration - ANSWERCloser the cell body of the nerve, the greater the
chances that the nerve cell will die and not regenerate; Crushing injury to the nerve
allows recovery more fully than does a cut injury
Nerve synapses - ANSWERSpaces between the neurons of the brain and central
nervous systems that must be crossed for messages to be sent.
Synaptic boutons - ANSWERwhere neurotransmitters are stored
Neurotransmitters - ANSWERchemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps
between neurons
Presynaptic neurons - ANSWERproximal to the synapse; relay impulses toward the
synapse
Postsynaptic neuron - ANSWERdistal to the synapse; relay impulses away from
synapse
, Reticular formation - ANSWERnetwork of connected nuclei that regulate vital reflexes,
such as cardiovascular and respiratory function; maintains wakefulness
Cerebrum - ANSWERLargest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular
activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.
Gray matter - ANSWERcell bodies
White matter - ANSWERmyelinated fibers
Prefrontal lobe - ANSWERgoal-oriented behavior, short-term or recall memory
Premotor - ANSWERPrograms motor movement; basal ganglia (extrapyramidal system;
efferent pathways outside medulla pyramids)
primary motor area - ANSWERprimary voluntary motor area; corticospinal tracts
descend down spinal cord; contralateral control
Broca's area - ANSWERControls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe,
usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
Parietal lobe - ANSWERsomatic sensory input
Occipital lobe - ANSWERvisual cortex
Temporal lobe - ANSWERprimary auditory cortex
Corpus callosum - ANSWERconnects the two hemispheres
limbic system - ANSWERPrimitive behavioral responses - visceral reaction to emotion,
feeding behaviors, biologic rhythms, and sense of smell; Expression of affect (emotional
and behavioral states) - mediated by the limbic system and prefrontal cortex;
Consolidation of memory
Diencephalon - ANSWERthalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus;
processes incoming sensory data
Cerebellum - ANSWERA large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.
Pons - ANSWERimportant center for control of respiration, contains CN V-VIII
Medulla oblongata - ANSWERPart of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining
functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion; nuclei of CN IX-
XII located here
100% ACCURATE
Neuron - ANSWERa nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
Neuroglia - ANSWER"nerve glue"; many types of cells that support, insulate, and
protect neurons
Soma - ANSWERcell body; densely packed cell bodies in the CNS are nuclei; ganglia
or plexus in PNS
dendrites - ANSWERcarry nerve impulses toward the cell body; receptive portion of the
neuron that receives a stimulus and continues further conduction
Axon - ANSWERcarry nerve impulses away from the cell body
Sensory neuron - ANSWERtransmit afferent impulses from sensory receptors to the
CNS
Associational (interneurons) - ANSWERtransmit impulses from neuron to neuron
Motor neuron - ANSWERtransmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to
muscles and glandular epithelial tissues (efferent)
Wallerian degeneration - ANSWERdegeneration of a nerve fiber that has been
separated by injury or disease
Nerve Regeneration - ANSWERCloser the cell body of the nerve, the greater the
chances that the nerve cell will die and not regenerate; Crushing injury to the nerve
allows recovery more fully than does a cut injury
Nerve synapses - ANSWERSpaces between the neurons of the brain and central
nervous systems that must be crossed for messages to be sent.
Synaptic boutons - ANSWERwhere neurotransmitters are stored
Neurotransmitters - ANSWERchemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps
between neurons
Presynaptic neurons - ANSWERproximal to the synapse; relay impulses toward the
synapse
Postsynaptic neuron - ANSWERdistal to the synapse; relay impulses away from
synapse
, Reticular formation - ANSWERnetwork of connected nuclei that regulate vital reflexes,
such as cardiovascular and respiratory function; maintains wakefulness
Cerebrum - ANSWERLargest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular
activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.
Gray matter - ANSWERcell bodies
White matter - ANSWERmyelinated fibers
Prefrontal lobe - ANSWERgoal-oriented behavior, short-term or recall memory
Premotor - ANSWERPrograms motor movement; basal ganglia (extrapyramidal system;
efferent pathways outside medulla pyramids)
primary motor area - ANSWERprimary voluntary motor area; corticospinal tracts
descend down spinal cord; contralateral control
Broca's area - ANSWERControls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe,
usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
Parietal lobe - ANSWERsomatic sensory input
Occipital lobe - ANSWERvisual cortex
Temporal lobe - ANSWERprimary auditory cortex
Corpus callosum - ANSWERconnects the two hemispheres
limbic system - ANSWERPrimitive behavioral responses - visceral reaction to emotion,
feeding behaviors, biologic rhythms, and sense of smell; Expression of affect (emotional
and behavioral states) - mediated by the limbic system and prefrontal cortex;
Consolidation of memory
Diencephalon - ANSWERthalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus;
processes incoming sensory data
Cerebellum - ANSWERA large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.
Pons - ANSWERimportant center for control of respiration, contains CN V-VIII
Medulla oblongata - ANSWERPart of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining
functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion; nuclei of CN IX-
XII located here
