,NU 131 / NU131 Exam 1 – Integrated Human Sciences
(Nursing and Healthcare I) | Q & A Galen College (2026/2027 )
1. In early civilization, illness was generally believed to be caused by which of the following?
A) Poor hygiene and sanitation
B) Supernatural forces
C) Bacterial infections
D) Genetic abnormalities
Correct Answer: Supernatural forces
Rationale: In early civilization, illness was believed to be caused by supernatural forces such as evil
spirits or displeased gods. This belief influenced early treatment approaches, which often included
rituals, prayers, and exorcisms rather than medical interventions.
2. The first school of nursing was founded in which year and location?
A) 1863 in Kaiserswerth, Germany
B) 1860 in London, England
C) 1873 in New York, United States
D) 1854 in Scutari, Turkey
Correct Answer: 1863 in Kaiserswerth, Germany
Rationale: The first school of nursing was founded in 1863 in Kaiserswerth, Germany, with Florence
Nightingale as its most famous pupil. This school established a model for nursing education that would
later be adopted worldwide.
3. Florence Nightingale is widely known as the founder of modern nursing. Which of the following was
NOT one of her key contributions to the profession?
A) Stressing the importance of a clean environment
B) Emphasizing careful observation of patients
,C) Establishing the first nursing school in the United States
D) Promoting holistic and critical thinking in nursing care
Correct Answer: Establishing the first nursing school in the United States
Rationale: Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing included stressing the importance of the
environment, careful observation, holistic care, and critical thinking. However, the first nursing school in
the United States was not established by Nightingale; it was founded later in 1873.
4. Which historical figure founded the American Red Cross?
A) Florence Nightingale
B) Lillian Wald
C) Dorothea Dix
D) Clara Barton
Correct Answer: Clara Barton
Rationale: Clara Barton is known as the founder of the American Red Cross. She played a crucial role in
providing humanitarian aid during the Civil War and later established the organization to provide
disaster relief and emergency assistance.
5. Which historical nursing figure is considered the founder of public health nursing?
A) Clara Barton
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Lillian Wald
D) Dorothea Dix
Correct Answer: Lillian Wald
, Rationale: Lillian Wald is considered the founder of public health nursing. She established the Henry
Street Settlement in New York, which provided nursing care and social services to impoverished
communities.
6. Dorothea Dix is best known for her advocacy for which population?
A) Soldiers wounded in war
B) The mentally ill
C) Children in poverty
D) Immigrant populations
Correct Answer: The mentally ill
Rationale: Dorothea Dix was a strong advocate for the mentally ill. She championed the building of
mental asylums as places of refuge and organized a corps of female nurses to serve in the Civil War.
7. In the 20th century, significant improvements in health were seen in which areas?
A) Surgical techniques and anesthesia
B) Sanitation, water supply, food supply, and vaccinations
C) Development of antibiotics and vaccines
D) Hospital construction and medical education
Correct Answer: Sanitation, water supply, food supply, and vaccinations
Rationale: In the 20th century, marked improvements in health were achieved through advances in
sanitation, water supply, food supply, and vaccinations. These public health measures significantly
reduced the incidence of infectious diseases.
8. The Affordable Care Act (ACA), signed into law in 2010, includes all of the following provisions EXCEPT:
A) Expansion of Medicaid
B) Requirement that most employers provide health insurance
(Nursing and Healthcare I) | Q & A Galen College (2026/2027 )
1. In early civilization, illness was generally believed to be caused by which of the following?
A) Poor hygiene and sanitation
B) Supernatural forces
C) Bacterial infections
D) Genetic abnormalities
Correct Answer: Supernatural forces
Rationale: In early civilization, illness was believed to be caused by supernatural forces such as evil
spirits or displeased gods. This belief influenced early treatment approaches, which often included
rituals, prayers, and exorcisms rather than medical interventions.
2. The first school of nursing was founded in which year and location?
A) 1863 in Kaiserswerth, Germany
B) 1860 in London, England
C) 1873 in New York, United States
D) 1854 in Scutari, Turkey
Correct Answer: 1863 in Kaiserswerth, Germany
Rationale: The first school of nursing was founded in 1863 in Kaiserswerth, Germany, with Florence
Nightingale as its most famous pupil. This school established a model for nursing education that would
later be adopted worldwide.
3. Florence Nightingale is widely known as the founder of modern nursing. Which of the following was
NOT one of her key contributions to the profession?
A) Stressing the importance of a clean environment
B) Emphasizing careful observation of patients
,C) Establishing the first nursing school in the United States
D) Promoting holistic and critical thinking in nursing care
Correct Answer: Establishing the first nursing school in the United States
Rationale: Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing included stressing the importance of the
environment, careful observation, holistic care, and critical thinking. However, the first nursing school in
the United States was not established by Nightingale; it was founded later in 1873.
4. Which historical figure founded the American Red Cross?
A) Florence Nightingale
B) Lillian Wald
C) Dorothea Dix
D) Clara Barton
Correct Answer: Clara Barton
Rationale: Clara Barton is known as the founder of the American Red Cross. She played a crucial role in
providing humanitarian aid during the Civil War and later established the organization to provide
disaster relief and emergency assistance.
5. Which historical nursing figure is considered the founder of public health nursing?
A) Clara Barton
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Lillian Wald
D) Dorothea Dix
Correct Answer: Lillian Wald
, Rationale: Lillian Wald is considered the founder of public health nursing. She established the Henry
Street Settlement in New York, which provided nursing care and social services to impoverished
communities.
6. Dorothea Dix is best known for her advocacy for which population?
A) Soldiers wounded in war
B) The mentally ill
C) Children in poverty
D) Immigrant populations
Correct Answer: The mentally ill
Rationale: Dorothea Dix was a strong advocate for the mentally ill. She championed the building of
mental asylums as places of refuge and organized a corps of female nurses to serve in the Civil War.
7. In the 20th century, significant improvements in health were seen in which areas?
A) Surgical techniques and anesthesia
B) Sanitation, water supply, food supply, and vaccinations
C) Development of antibiotics and vaccines
D) Hospital construction and medical education
Correct Answer: Sanitation, water supply, food supply, and vaccinations
Rationale: In the 20th century, marked improvements in health were achieved through advances in
sanitation, water supply, food supply, and vaccinations. These public health measures significantly
reduced the incidence of infectious diseases.
8. The Affordable Care Act (ACA), signed into law in 2010, includes all of the following provisions EXCEPT:
A) Expansion of Medicaid
B) Requirement that most employers provide health insurance
