NSG 5003 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY SOUTH UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 | COMPLETE COURSE REVIEW
Differentiation - correct answer ✔✔(maturation) process in which cells become specialized in
structure and function
The eight specialized cellular functions are - correct answer ✔✔movement, conductivity,
metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, communication
Eukaryotic cells - correct answer ✔✔Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by
membranes.
The eukaryotic cell consists of three general components - correct answer ✔✔plasma
membrane, cytoplasm, and intracellular organelles
Nucleus - correct answer ✔✔A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction
Vaults - correct answer ✔✔cytoplasmic organelles that are carrying messengers of ribonucleic
acid (mRNA) from the nucleus to the ribosomal sites of protein synthesis
plasma membrane (cell membrane) - correct answer ✔✔It's function is to protect the cell and
control what goes in and out. It is not a solid structure. It is made of millions of smaller
molecules so it is flexible and porous (allows things to pass through it).
cellular receptors - correct answer ✔✔protein molecules on the plasma membrane, in the
cytoplasm, or in the nucleus that can recognize and bind with specific smaller molecules called
ligands
, Ligands - correct answer ✔✔A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another
molecule.
Cells are held together by three different means: - correct answer ✔✔(1) the extracellular
membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane, and (3) specialized cell
junctions.
Cells communicate in three main ways - correct answer ✔✔(1) they form protein channels (gap
junctions); (2)
they display receptors that affect intracellular processes or other cells in direct physical
contact; and (3) they use receptor proteins inside the target cell.
reception - correct answer ✔✔The target cell's detection of a signal molecule coming from
outside the cell.
Transduction - correct answer ✔✔conversion of one form of energy into another
response - correct answer ✔✔An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a
stimulus.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - correct answer ✔✔compound used by cells to store and release
energy
oxidative phosphorylation - correct answer ✔✔Part of the electron transport chain. A process
occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons
across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen.
Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) - correct answer ✔✔charge difference across the plasma
membrane
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 | COMPLETE COURSE REVIEW
Differentiation - correct answer ✔✔(maturation) process in which cells become specialized in
structure and function
The eight specialized cellular functions are - correct answer ✔✔movement, conductivity,
metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, communication
Eukaryotic cells - correct answer ✔✔Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by
membranes.
The eukaryotic cell consists of three general components - correct answer ✔✔plasma
membrane, cytoplasm, and intracellular organelles
Nucleus - correct answer ✔✔A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction
Vaults - correct answer ✔✔cytoplasmic organelles that are carrying messengers of ribonucleic
acid (mRNA) from the nucleus to the ribosomal sites of protein synthesis
plasma membrane (cell membrane) - correct answer ✔✔It's function is to protect the cell and
control what goes in and out. It is not a solid structure. It is made of millions of smaller
molecules so it is flexible and porous (allows things to pass through it).
cellular receptors - correct answer ✔✔protein molecules on the plasma membrane, in the
cytoplasm, or in the nucleus that can recognize and bind with specific smaller molecules called
ligands
, Ligands - correct answer ✔✔A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another
molecule.
Cells are held together by three different means: - correct answer ✔✔(1) the extracellular
membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane, and (3) specialized cell
junctions.
Cells communicate in three main ways - correct answer ✔✔(1) they form protein channels (gap
junctions); (2)
they display receptors that affect intracellular processes or other cells in direct physical
contact; and (3) they use receptor proteins inside the target cell.
reception - correct answer ✔✔The target cell's detection of a signal molecule coming from
outside the cell.
Transduction - correct answer ✔✔conversion of one form of energy into another
response - correct answer ✔✔An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a
stimulus.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - correct answer ✔✔compound used by cells to store and release
energy
oxidative phosphorylation - correct answer ✔✔Part of the electron transport chain. A process
occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons
across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen.
Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) - correct answer ✔✔charge difference across the plasma
membrane
