BSNC 6000 Final Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
What is hypersensitivity?
A persons immune system reacts in a way that damages them rather than protecting them
What is type III hypersensitivity?
Antigen-antibody complexes deposit into blood vessel walls causing inflammation and tissue
damage
what cells produce antibody?
plasma cells
what is type 1 hypersensitivity?
presence of IgE specific to an allergen
what is the MOI of type 1 hypersensitivity?
histamine stimulates mucus secretion in the nasal passages and tears that leads to
inflammation
what are examples of type 1 hypersensitivity?
(atopic diseases) allergic reactions, asthma, dermatitis, and anaphylaxis
what is the immune mechanism of type II hypersensitivity?
anti-body mediated immune reaction where antibodies like IgG or IgM are directed against
cells. This is an autoreactive antibody that targets its own tissues.
What is the MOI of type II hypersensitivity?
cellular destruction, functional loss, and tissue damage d/t antibodies targeting the body.
,examples of type II hypersensitivity and where are they commonly seen
autoimmune diseases, infections, cytopenias, and hemolytic anemias. seen in transplants and
blood transfusions.
What is the immune mechanism of type III hypersensitivity?
mediated by immune complexes like antigen-antibody (IgG) complexes accumulating in the
body.
which type of hypersensitivity is most complex?
type III
What is the MOI for type III hypersensitivity?
antigen-antibody complexes deposited in blood vessel walls cause inflammation and tissue
damage where the complexes accumulate.
Common examples of type III hypersensitivity
SLE (Lupus) and RA (rheumatoid arthritis)
What is the immune mechanism of type IV hypersensitivity?
autoreactive cytotoxic cells
what is the MOI in type IV hypersensitivity?
autoreactive cytotoxic cells attack the bodies own tissues especially i the lungs and airways.
common examples of type IV hypersensitivity
HIV, RSV, contact dermatitis, TB, MS, and DM1
why is lupus rare?
,because it requires a series of complex events that need to occur over many years.
steps for lupus to occur?
genetic predisposition --> macrophage challenging event (covid) --> unregulated apoptosis of
macrophages --> build up of debris in the body causes the making of antibodies --> immune
system is now compromised --> we make antibodies against ourself
what do macrophages do?
after infection they clean up debris in the tissue and release cytokines to signal tissue repair
true or false: macrophage function is a spectrum
true, some people have hypoactive and some hyperactive
what is an example of a trigger that challenges the macrophages
hydralazine, a type of vasodilator
common events that lead to flare ups
pregnancy (stiulates antibody production) and UV light (sun stimulates immune response)
Lupus causes briefly
genetic predisposition + preceding event (viral illness, drug, environmental exposure,
stress/trauma, and estrogen shifting (post-puberty, postpartum, and menopause))
what is SLE?
a chronic multi-symptom autoimmune disease
where are the symptoms of SLE?
they are diverse with inflammation affecting multiple organ systems
, what kind of disease is SLE?
it is a waxing and waning disease
Patho of Lupus briefly
antibody-antigen complexes deposited in microvasculature and basement membrane of
nephrons --> these antigens include proteins normally protected inside the cell called nuclear
antigens --> complement proteins attract neutrophils and trigger inflammation
common symptoms of SLE
frequent fevers, photophobia (light sensitivity), anxiety, depression, personality changes,
mental health changes, nausea, vomiting, GI discomfort
common flare up triggers for lupus
sunlight, pregnancy, stress
SLE symptoms in the head
hair loss, low fevers, impaired saliva production, butterfly rash, mental health changes, visual
changes, fatigue, and seizures
SLE symptoms in the immune system
lymphadenopathy (inflammed lymph nodes)
SLE hematological symptoms
anemia and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
SLE heart symptoms
pericarditis d/t lots of small vasculature
SLE lung symptoms
Correct Answers
What is hypersensitivity?
A persons immune system reacts in a way that damages them rather than protecting them
What is type III hypersensitivity?
Antigen-antibody complexes deposit into blood vessel walls causing inflammation and tissue
damage
what cells produce antibody?
plasma cells
what is type 1 hypersensitivity?
presence of IgE specific to an allergen
what is the MOI of type 1 hypersensitivity?
histamine stimulates mucus secretion in the nasal passages and tears that leads to
inflammation
what are examples of type 1 hypersensitivity?
(atopic diseases) allergic reactions, asthma, dermatitis, and anaphylaxis
what is the immune mechanism of type II hypersensitivity?
anti-body mediated immune reaction where antibodies like IgG or IgM are directed against
cells. This is an autoreactive antibody that targets its own tissues.
What is the MOI of type II hypersensitivity?
cellular destruction, functional loss, and tissue damage d/t antibodies targeting the body.
,examples of type II hypersensitivity and where are they commonly seen
autoimmune diseases, infections, cytopenias, and hemolytic anemias. seen in transplants and
blood transfusions.
What is the immune mechanism of type III hypersensitivity?
mediated by immune complexes like antigen-antibody (IgG) complexes accumulating in the
body.
which type of hypersensitivity is most complex?
type III
What is the MOI for type III hypersensitivity?
antigen-antibody complexes deposited in blood vessel walls cause inflammation and tissue
damage where the complexes accumulate.
Common examples of type III hypersensitivity
SLE (Lupus) and RA (rheumatoid arthritis)
What is the immune mechanism of type IV hypersensitivity?
autoreactive cytotoxic cells
what is the MOI in type IV hypersensitivity?
autoreactive cytotoxic cells attack the bodies own tissues especially i the lungs and airways.
common examples of type IV hypersensitivity
HIV, RSV, contact dermatitis, TB, MS, and DM1
why is lupus rare?
,because it requires a series of complex events that need to occur over many years.
steps for lupus to occur?
genetic predisposition --> macrophage challenging event (covid) --> unregulated apoptosis of
macrophages --> build up of debris in the body causes the making of antibodies --> immune
system is now compromised --> we make antibodies against ourself
what do macrophages do?
after infection they clean up debris in the tissue and release cytokines to signal tissue repair
true or false: macrophage function is a spectrum
true, some people have hypoactive and some hyperactive
what is an example of a trigger that challenges the macrophages
hydralazine, a type of vasodilator
common events that lead to flare ups
pregnancy (stiulates antibody production) and UV light (sun stimulates immune response)
Lupus causes briefly
genetic predisposition + preceding event (viral illness, drug, environmental exposure,
stress/trauma, and estrogen shifting (post-puberty, postpartum, and menopause))
what is SLE?
a chronic multi-symptom autoimmune disease
where are the symptoms of SLE?
they are diverse with inflammation affecting multiple organ systems
, what kind of disease is SLE?
it is a waxing and waning disease
Patho of Lupus briefly
antibody-antigen complexes deposited in microvasculature and basement membrane of
nephrons --> these antigens include proteins normally protected inside the cell called nuclear
antigens --> complement proteins attract neutrophils and trigger inflammation
common symptoms of SLE
frequent fevers, photophobia (light sensitivity), anxiety, depression, personality changes,
mental health changes, nausea, vomiting, GI discomfort
common flare up triggers for lupus
sunlight, pregnancy, stress
SLE symptoms in the head
hair loss, low fevers, impaired saliva production, butterfly rash, mental health changes, visual
changes, fatigue, and seizures
SLE symptoms in the immune system
lymphadenopathy (inflammed lymph nodes)
SLE hematological symptoms
anemia and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
SLE heart symptoms
pericarditis d/t lots of small vasculature
SLE lung symptoms
