ECP-215 ERICSSON CERTIFIED ASSOCIATE ERICSSON CLOUD
| ULTIMATE EXAM PREP - VERIFIED ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS - MOST RECENT EDITION 2026/2027
Q1. What does NFV stand for? A) Network Function Virtualization B) Network
Fast Virtualization C) New Function Virtualization D) Network Fiber
Virtualization ANSWER : A
Q2. What is the primary goal of NFV? A) To replace all physical network
equipment with optical fiber B) To decouple network functions from
proprietary hardware and run them as software on standard servers C) To
increase the size of network hardware D) To eliminate the need for network
management ANSWER : B
Q3. Which organization standardized the NFV architecture? A) IEEE B) ETSI C)
IETF D) 3GPP ANSWER : B
Q4. What are the three main components of ETSI NFV architecture? A) NFVI,
VNF, MANO B) CPU, RAM, Storage C) Router, Switch, Firewall D) OSS, BSS, CRM
ANSWER : A
Q5. What does NFVI stand for? A) Network Function Virtualization
Infrastructure B) Network Fast Virtual Interface C) New Function Virtual
Instance D) Network Fiber Virtual Infrastructure ANSWER : A
Q6. What does VNF stand for? A) Virtual Network Function B) Virtual New
Function C) Very Network Function D) Virtual Node Framework ANSWER : A
Q7. What does MANO stand for? A) Management and Orchestration B)
Manual Network Operations C) Managed Automation Network D) Multi-Access
Network Optimization ANSWER : A
Q8. Which layer of NFV architecture provides the hardware resources
(compute, storage, network)? A) VNF Layer B) MANO Layer C) NFVI Layer D)
OSS Layer ANSWER : C
,Q9. What is a VNF? A) A physical network device B) A software
implementation of a network function that runs on NFVI C) A type of network
cable D) A management protocol ANSWER : B
Q10. Which of the following is an example of a VNF? A) Physical router B)
Virtual EPC (vEPC) C) Copper cable D) Optical switch ANSWER : B
Q11. What is the role of the NFV Orchestrator (NFVO) in MANO? A) To
manage physical cables B) To orchestrate resources and manage VNF lifecycle
across multiple VIMs C) To provide electrical power D) To handle billing
systems ANSWER : B
Q12. What is the role of the VNF Manager (VNFM)? A) To manage the lifecycle
of VNFs (instantiation, scaling, termination) B) To manage physical servers C)
To handle customer billing D) To provide network security ANSWER : A
Q13. What is the role of the Virtualized Infrastructure Manager (VIM)? A) To
manage virtualized resources (compute, storage, network) in the NFVI B) To
manage customer relationships C) To handle network marketing D) To provide
physical security ANSWER : A
Q14. Which component of MANO is responsible for resource orchestration?
A) VNFM B) NFVO C) VIM D) EMS ANSWER : B
Q15. Which component of MANO is responsible for VNF lifecycle
management? A) NFVO B) VNFM C) VIM D) OSS ANSWER : B
Q16. What does FCAPS stand for in network management? A) Fault,
Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security B) Fast, Configuration,
Accounting, Performance, Security C) Fault, Computing, Accounting,
Performance, Storage D) Function, Configuration, Accounting, Processing,
Security ANSWER : A
Q17. What is the purpose of the NFV Infrastructure (NFVI)? A) To provide the
hardware and virtualization layer for running VNFs B) To manage customer
billing C) To handle network marketing D) To provide physical security only
ANSWER : A
Q18. What are the three domains of NFVI? A) Compute domain, Hypervisor
domain, Infrastructure Network domain B) Sales domain, Marketing domain,
Support domain C) Physical layer, Data link layer, Network layer D) Access
layer, Distribution layer, Core layer ANSWER : A
,Q19. What is a Point of Presence (PoP) in NFV context? A) A location where
VNFs are deployed and managed B) A type of network cable C) A billing system
D) A customer support center ANSWER : A
Q20. What is NFV Service Orchestration? A) The process of orchestrating end-
to-end network services across multiple VNFs B) The process of selling network
services C) The process of installing physical cables D) The process of training
network engineers ANSWER : A
Q21. What is the difference between a PNF and a VNF? A) PNF is physical,
VNF is virtual B) PNF is faster, VNF is slower C) PNF is cheaper, VNF is expensive
D) PNF is new, VNF is old ANSWER : A
Q22. What does PNF stand for? A) Physical Network Function B) Private
Network Function C) Public Network Function D) Primary Network Function
ANSWER : A
Q23. What is a Virtual Link (VL) in NFV? A) A physical cable B) A logical
network connection between VNFs C) A type of firewall D) A billing mechanism
ANSWER : B
Q24. What is a Virtual Network Function Component (VNFC)? A) An internal
component of a VNF that can be independently scaled B) A type of physical
switch C) A network management protocol D) A customer billing system
ANSWER : A
Q25. What is the Virtualization Layer in NFVI? A) The software layer that
abstracts hardware resources (hypervisor) B) The physical cabling layer C) The
billing layer D) The customer support layer ANSWER : A
Q26. What is a Hypervisor? A) Software that creates and runs virtual machines
B) A type of network cable C) A billing system D) A physical router ANSWER : A
Q27. Which of the following is a Type 1 hypervisor? A) VMware Workstation
B) VMware vSphere/ESXi C) Oracle VirtualBox D) Microsoft Virtual PC ANSWER
:B
Q28. Which of the following is a Type 2 hypervisor? A) VMware ESXi B)
Microsoft Hyper-V C) KVM D) Oracle VirtualBox ANSWER : D
Q29. What is KVM in the context of virtualization? A) Kernel-based Virtual
Machine B) Key Virtual Machine C) Kernel Virtual Memory D) Key Virtual
Memory ANSWER : A
, Q30. What is the main advantage of NFV over traditional networking? A)
Higher hardware costs B) Greater flexibility, faster deployment, and reduced
costs C) More physical space required D) Slower network performance
ANSWER : B
Q31. What is service chaining in NFV? A) Connecting multiple VNFs in a
specific sequence to create a network service B) A physical cable connection
method C) A billing process D) A customer support procedure ANSWER : A
Q32. What is the NFV Reference Architecture defined by? A) IEEE 802.1 B)
ETSI GS NFV 002 C) RFC 1918 D) 3GPP TS 23.401 ANSWER : B
Q33. What is an Element Management System (EMS)? A) A system that
manages specific VNFs and their configuration B) A system that manages
customer billing C) A system that manages physical security D) A system that
manages marketing campaigns ANSWER : A
Q34. What is the relationship between OSS/BSS and NFV MANO? A) OSS/BSS
interacts with MANO for service management and resource allocation B)
OSS/BSS replaces MANO C) OSS/BSS is a type of VNF D) OSS/BSS is a hypervisor
ANSWER : A
Q35. What is a Network Service (NS) in NFV? A) A composition of VNFs and
virtual links that provide an end-to-end network function B) A physical network
cable C) A billing plan D) A customer support ticket ANSWER : A
Q36. What is the NFV Descriptor (VNFD)? A) A template that describes the
deployment requirements of a VNF B) A physical document C) A billing invoice
D) A network cable specification ANSWER : A
Q37. What is the Network Service Descriptor (NSD)? A) A template describing
the composition of VNFs and virtual links for a network service B) A physical
network map C) A customer contract D) A billing statement ANSWER : A
Q38. What is the purpose of the Virtual Link Descriptor (VLD)? A) To describe
the connectivity requirements between VNFs B) To describe physical cable
colors C) To describe billing rates D) To describe office locations ANSWER : A
Q39. What is auto-scaling in NFV? A) The automatic adjustment of VNF
resources based on demand B) The automatic billing of customers C) The
automatic installation of cables D) The automatic hiring of staff ANSWER : A
| ULTIMATE EXAM PREP - VERIFIED ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS - MOST RECENT EDITION 2026/2027
Q1. What does NFV stand for? A) Network Function Virtualization B) Network
Fast Virtualization C) New Function Virtualization D) Network Fiber
Virtualization ANSWER : A
Q2. What is the primary goal of NFV? A) To replace all physical network
equipment with optical fiber B) To decouple network functions from
proprietary hardware and run them as software on standard servers C) To
increase the size of network hardware D) To eliminate the need for network
management ANSWER : B
Q3. Which organization standardized the NFV architecture? A) IEEE B) ETSI C)
IETF D) 3GPP ANSWER : B
Q4. What are the three main components of ETSI NFV architecture? A) NFVI,
VNF, MANO B) CPU, RAM, Storage C) Router, Switch, Firewall D) OSS, BSS, CRM
ANSWER : A
Q5. What does NFVI stand for? A) Network Function Virtualization
Infrastructure B) Network Fast Virtual Interface C) New Function Virtual
Instance D) Network Fiber Virtual Infrastructure ANSWER : A
Q6. What does VNF stand for? A) Virtual Network Function B) Virtual New
Function C) Very Network Function D) Virtual Node Framework ANSWER : A
Q7. What does MANO stand for? A) Management and Orchestration B)
Manual Network Operations C) Managed Automation Network D) Multi-Access
Network Optimization ANSWER : A
Q8. Which layer of NFV architecture provides the hardware resources
(compute, storage, network)? A) VNF Layer B) MANO Layer C) NFVI Layer D)
OSS Layer ANSWER : C
,Q9. What is a VNF? A) A physical network device B) A software
implementation of a network function that runs on NFVI C) A type of network
cable D) A management protocol ANSWER : B
Q10. Which of the following is an example of a VNF? A) Physical router B)
Virtual EPC (vEPC) C) Copper cable D) Optical switch ANSWER : B
Q11. What is the role of the NFV Orchestrator (NFVO) in MANO? A) To
manage physical cables B) To orchestrate resources and manage VNF lifecycle
across multiple VIMs C) To provide electrical power D) To handle billing
systems ANSWER : B
Q12. What is the role of the VNF Manager (VNFM)? A) To manage the lifecycle
of VNFs (instantiation, scaling, termination) B) To manage physical servers C)
To handle customer billing D) To provide network security ANSWER : A
Q13. What is the role of the Virtualized Infrastructure Manager (VIM)? A) To
manage virtualized resources (compute, storage, network) in the NFVI B) To
manage customer relationships C) To handle network marketing D) To provide
physical security ANSWER : A
Q14. Which component of MANO is responsible for resource orchestration?
A) VNFM B) NFVO C) VIM D) EMS ANSWER : B
Q15. Which component of MANO is responsible for VNF lifecycle
management? A) NFVO B) VNFM C) VIM D) OSS ANSWER : B
Q16. What does FCAPS stand for in network management? A) Fault,
Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security B) Fast, Configuration,
Accounting, Performance, Security C) Fault, Computing, Accounting,
Performance, Storage D) Function, Configuration, Accounting, Processing,
Security ANSWER : A
Q17. What is the purpose of the NFV Infrastructure (NFVI)? A) To provide the
hardware and virtualization layer for running VNFs B) To manage customer
billing C) To handle network marketing D) To provide physical security only
ANSWER : A
Q18. What are the three domains of NFVI? A) Compute domain, Hypervisor
domain, Infrastructure Network domain B) Sales domain, Marketing domain,
Support domain C) Physical layer, Data link layer, Network layer D) Access
layer, Distribution layer, Core layer ANSWER : A
,Q19. What is a Point of Presence (PoP) in NFV context? A) A location where
VNFs are deployed and managed B) A type of network cable C) A billing system
D) A customer support center ANSWER : A
Q20. What is NFV Service Orchestration? A) The process of orchestrating end-
to-end network services across multiple VNFs B) The process of selling network
services C) The process of installing physical cables D) The process of training
network engineers ANSWER : A
Q21. What is the difference between a PNF and a VNF? A) PNF is physical,
VNF is virtual B) PNF is faster, VNF is slower C) PNF is cheaper, VNF is expensive
D) PNF is new, VNF is old ANSWER : A
Q22. What does PNF stand for? A) Physical Network Function B) Private
Network Function C) Public Network Function D) Primary Network Function
ANSWER : A
Q23. What is a Virtual Link (VL) in NFV? A) A physical cable B) A logical
network connection between VNFs C) A type of firewall D) A billing mechanism
ANSWER : B
Q24. What is a Virtual Network Function Component (VNFC)? A) An internal
component of a VNF that can be independently scaled B) A type of physical
switch C) A network management protocol D) A customer billing system
ANSWER : A
Q25. What is the Virtualization Layer in NFVI? A) The software layer that
abstracts hardware resources (hypervisor) B) The physical cabling layer C) The
billing layer D) The customer support layer ANSWER : A
Q26. What is a Hypervisor? A) Software that creates and runs virtual machines
B) A type of network cable C) A billing system D) A physical router ANSWER : A
Q27. Which of the following is a Type 1 hypervisor? A) VMware Workstation
B) VMware vSphere/ESXi C) Oracle VirtualBox D) Microsoft Virtual PC ANSWER
:B
Q28. Which of the following is a Type 2 hypervisor? A) VMware ESXi B)
Microsoft Hyper-V C) KVM D) Oracle VirtualBox ANSWER : D
Q29. What is KVM in the context of virtualization? A) Kernel-based Virtual
Machine B) Key Virtual Machine C) Kernel Virtual Memory D) Key Virtual
Memory ANSWER : A
, Q30. What is the main advantage of NFV over traditional networking? A)
Higher hardware costs B) Greater flexibility, faster deployment, and reduced
costs C) More physical space required D) Slower network performance
ANSWER : B
Q31. What is service chaining in NFV? A) Connecting multiple VNFs in a
specific sequence to create a network service B) A physical cable connection
method C) A billing process D) A customer support procedure ANSWER : A
Q32. What is the NFV Reference Architecture defined by? A) IEEE 802.1 B)
ETSI GS NFV 002 C) RFC 1918 D) 3GPP TS 23.401 ANSWER : B
Q33. What is an Element Management System (EMS)? A) A system that
manages specific VNFs and their configuration B) A system that manages
customer billing C) A system that manages physical security D) A system that
manages marketing campaigns ANSWER : A
Q34. What is the relationship between OSS/BSS and NFV MANO? A) OSS/BSS
interacts with MANO for service management and resource allocation B)
OSS/BSS replaces MANO C) OSS/BSS is a type of VNF D) OSS/BSS is a hypervisor
ANSWER : A
Q35. What is a Network Service (NS) in NFV? A) A composition of VNFs and
virtual links that provide an end-to-end network function B) A physical network
cable C) A billing plan D) A customer support ticket ANSWER : A
Q36. What is the NFV Descriptor (VNFD)? A) A template that describes the
deployment requirements of a VNF B) A physical document C) A billing invoice
D) A network cable specification ANSWER : A
Q37. What is the Network Service Descriptor (NSD)? A) A template describing
the composition of VNFs and virtual links for a network service B) A physical
network map C) A customer contract D) A billing statement ANSWER : A
Q38. What is the purpose of the Virtual Link Descriptor (VLD)? A) To describe
the connectivity requirements between VNFs B) To describe physical cable
colors C) To describe billing rates D) To describe office locations ANSWER : A
Q39. What is auto-scaling in NFV? A) The automatic adjustment of VNF
resources based on demand B) The automatic billing of customers C) The
automatic installation of cables D) The automatic hiring of staff ANSWER : A
