GWC BIO 220 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE | ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026/2027
anatomy and physiology - ANS ✔✔anatomy = study of structures
physiology = study of function of those structures
microscopic = too small to be seen with unaided eye, cytology is the study of cells, histology is
the studies of tissues
macroscopic = can be seen with without any help to the eye
connective tissue classification - ANS ✔✔
organization of human body - ANS ✔✔atom - smallest part, unstable and wants to bond with
another atom
molecule - 2 or more atoms together
cell - *most fundamental part of being alive* cell membrane is most important part of the cell,
contains organelles, necrosis is the death of a cell
tissue - similar cells grouped together to perform functions, epithelial, muscle, nervous, and
connective
organ - 2 or more tissues performing a specific task
,organ system - all related organs coordinate with each other to achieve a common function
(digestive system)
organism - highest level, all systems working together to maintain the organism as a whole
cystic fibrosis - thick mucus in lungs that can affect the whole organism by affecting systems
characteristics of living organism, must have to be considered living - ANS ✔✔1. Organization,
all the levels mentioned
2. Metabolism, to have chemical reactions, like changing food into energy or muscle
contractions
3. Growth and Development, to increase in size and specialization, *differentiation* meaning
cells are specialized and will divide at a lower rate
4. Responsiveness, to sense and respond to internal and external stimuli
5. Adaptation, to change with the environment so you are successful
6. Regulation, homeostasis, to be maintained and regulate
7. Reproduction, to gain new cells for maintenance, growth, repair, reproduction
anatomical position - ANS ✔✔standing upright
feet parallel and on the floor
, head is level and looking forward
arms at side of body
palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from body
axial and appendicular, and locations - ANS ✔✔axial = head, neck, trunk
appendicular = upper and lower limbs
body cavities - ANS ✔✔posterior cavities:
cranial - skull bones, holds brain
vertebral canal - vertebrae, holds spinal cord
ventral cavities:
thoracic - mediastinum, pleural cavity, pericardial cavity
abdominopelvic - abdominal (digestive organs and kidneys), pelvic (reproductive, bladder,
urethra, large intestines)
Regions of the abdominopelvic cavity - ANS ✔✔also know quadrants (RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ)
serous membranes - ANS ✔✔thin sheets of tissues that line body cavities closed to the outside
world
secretes serous fluid into that space to bind and reduce friction
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026/2027
anatomy and physiology - ANS ✔✔anatomy = study of structures
physiology = study of function of those structures
microscopic = too small to be seen with unaided eye, cytology is the study of cells, histology is
the studies of tissues
macroscopic = can be seen with without any help to the eye
connective tissue classification - ANS ✔✔
organization of human body - ANS ✔✔atom - smallest part, unstable and wants to bond with
another atom
molecule - 2 or more atoms together
cell - *most fundamental part of being alive* cell membrane is most important part of the cell,
contains organelles, necrosis is the death of a cell
tissue - similar cells grouped together to perform functions, epithelial, muscle, nervous, and
connective
organ - 2 or more tissues performing a specific task
,organ system - all related organs coordinate with each other to achieve a common function
(digestive system)
organism - highest level, all systems working together to maintain the organism as a whole
cystic fibrosis - thick mucus in lungs that can affect the whole organism by affecting systems
characteristics of living organism, must have to be considered living - ANS ✔✔1. Organization,
all the levels mentioned
2. Metabolism, to have chemical reactions, like changing food into energy or muscle
contractions
3. Growth and Development, to increase in size and specialization, *differentiation* meaning
cells are specialized and will divide at a lower rate
4. Responsiveness, to sense and respond to internal and external stimuli
5. Adaptation, to change with the environment so you are successful
6. Regulation, homeostasis, to be maintained and regulate
7. Reproduction, to gain new cells for maintenance, growth, repair, reproduction
anatomical position - ANS ✔✔standing upright
feet parallel and on the floor
, head is level and looking forward
arms at side of body
palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from body
axial and appendicular, and locations - ANS ✔✔axial = head, neck, trunk
appendicular = upper and lower limbs
body cavities - ANS ✔✔posterior cavities:
cranial - skull bones, holds brain
vertebral canal - vertebrae, holds spinal cord
ventral cavities:
thoracic - mediastinum, pleural cavity, pericardial cavity
abdominopelvic - abdominal (digestive organs and kidneys), pelvic (reproductive, bladder,
urethra, large intestines)
Regions of the abdominopelvic cavity - ANS ✔✔also know quadrants (RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ)
serous membranes - ANS ✔✔thin sheets of tissues that line body cavities closed to the outside
world
secretes serous fluid into that space to bind and reduce friction
