Gas Exchange Medications Exam | Verified Exam Questions and Answers
| Latest Updated Study Material 2026
Question:
How does the sympathetic nervous system affect the respiratory system?
Answer:
bronchodilation
Question:
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect the respiratory system?
Answer:
bronchoconstriction
Question:
What are antihistamines used for?
Answer:
mild/moderate allergies,
motion sickness, insomnia, and common colds
Question:
What drugs are First Generation Antihistamines?
Answer:
diphenhydramine and promethazine
Question:
What are the side effects of diphenhydramine and promethazine?
Answer:
CNS depression: drowsy, sleepy, decreased reaction time, confusion,
incoordination
Question:
Anticholinergic effects: dry mouth, urinary retention, tachycardia
What type of patient would you use caution when giving diphenhydramine and promethazine?
,Answer:
Patients with asthma because since it is a sedative, it will slow
their breathing
Question:
What should you be cautious of when giving diphenhydramine and promethazine?
Answer:
Do not combine with other CNS depressants, avoid alcohol - **highly
sedative**
Question:
Why would you not give promethazine to children?
Answer:
Commonly
causes respiratory distress in children
Question:
What happens if you give too much of diphenhydramine or promethazine?
Answer:
It could have the opposite effect than intended (CNS stimulation)
Question:
What drugs are Second Generation Antihistamines?
Answer:
loratadine
and azelastine (intranasal)
Question:
What are the side effects of loratadine or azelastine?
Answer:
CNS
effects: NON sedating (does not cross BBB); does not typically cause drowsiness
Question:
No significant anticholinergic effects
, What are decongestant drugs used for?
Answer:
Allergic rhinitis
Question:
What drugs are decongestants?
Answer:
oxymetazoline (long-acting) and
phenylephrine (short-acting)
Question:
phenylephrine is more commonly used
How do oxymetazoline and phenylephrine work?
Answer:
Alpa 1
adrenergic receptor agonists in the blood vessels cause vasoconstriction which causes shrinkage
of swollen mucous membranes and helps to decrease nasal drainage
Question:
Alpha 1 = cardiac.. be careful in cardiac patients!!!
What are the common side effects of oxymetazoline and phenylephrine?
Answer:
Rebound congestions after prolonged used of topical agents (more than 3-5
days)
Question:
What are the adverse effects of of oxymetazoline and phenylephrine?
Answer:
Cardiovascular effects: hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmias,
Question:
CNS stimulation: restlessness, irritability, anxiety, tremors, insomnia
What drugs are glucocorticoids?
Answer:
beclomethasone (intranasal)
| Latest Updated Study Material 2026
Question:
How does the sympathetic nervous system affect the respiratory system?
Answer:
bronchodilation
Question:
How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect the respiratory system?
Answer:
bronchoconstriction
Question:
What are antihistamines used for?
Answer:
mild/moderate allergies,
motion sickness, insomnia, and common colds
Question:
What drugs are First Generation Antihistamines?
Answer:
diphenhydramine and promethazine
Question:
What are the side effects of diphenhydramine and promethazine?
Answer:
CNS depression: drowsy, sleepy, decreased reaction time, confusion,
incoordination
Question:
Anticholinergic effects: dry mouth, urinary retention, tachycardia
What type of patient would you use caution when giving diphenhydramine and promethazine?
,Answer:
Patients with asthma because since it is a sedative, it will slow
their breathing
Question:
What should you be cautious of when giving diphenhydramine and promethazine?
Answer:
Do not combine with other CNS depressants, avoid alcohol - **highly
sedative**
Question:
Why would you not give promethazine to children?
Answer:
Commonly
causes respiratory distress in children
Question:
What happens if you give too much of diphenhydramine or promethazine?
Answer:
It could have the opposite effect than intended (CNS stimulation)
Question:
What drugs are Second Generation Antihistamines?
Answer:
loratadine
and azelastine (intranasal)
Question:
What are the side effects of loratadine or azelastine?
Answer:
CNS
effects: NON sedating (does not cross BBB); does not typically cause drowsiness
Question:
No significant anticholinergic effects
, What are decongestant drugs used for?
Answer:
Allergic rhinitis
Question:
What drugs are decongestants?
Answer:
oxymetazoline (long-acting) and
phenylephrine (short-acting)
Question:
phenylephrine is more commonly used
How do oxymetazoline and phenylephrine work?
Answer:
Alpa 1
adrenergic receptor agonists in the blood vessels cause vasoconstriction which causes shrinkage
of swollen mucous membranes and helps to decrease nasal drainage
Question:
Alpha 1 = cardiac.. be careful in cardiac patients!!!
What are the common side effects of oxymetazoline and phenylephrine?
Answer:
Rebound congestions after prolonged used of topical agents (more than 3-5
days)
Question:
What are the adverse effects of of oxymetazoline and phenylephrine?
Answer:
Cardiovascular effects: hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmias,
Question:
CNS stimulation: restlessness, irritability, anxiety, tremors, insomnia
What drugs are glucocorticoids?
Answer:
beclomethasone (intranasal)
