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White matter consists of what type of fiber tracts? ✔Correct Answer-Axon of nerve fibers
In the visual pathway, fibers anterior to the optic chiasm are called ✔Correct Answer-Optic
Nerves
If a neurologist suspects nerve damage in a PTs neurological exam, he may order ✔Correct
Answer-Nerve conduction/EMG
excitatory neurotransmitter ✔Correct Answer-Glutamate
The trigeminal nerve can be monitored from which muscle? ✔Correct Answer-Masseter
Damage to which structure would most likely result in motor deficits ✔Correct Answer-Lateral
cortical spinal tract
When removing a pituitary tumor via the nasal passage, the surgeon must produce a hole in
✔Correct Answer-Sphenoid
What cranial nerve allows turning the head and lift the shoulders? ✔Correct Answer-
Accessory
Which of the following is not part of the Circle of Willis? ✔Correct Answer-Superior Cerebellar
Artery
This cranial nerve's function is to transfer visual information from the retina to the brain
✔Correct Answer-Optic
The dorsal column pathways synapse at which location on their way to the sensory cortex?
✔Correct Answer-Nucleus cuneatus and thalamus
Which type of action potentials contribute to the popliteal fossa response ✔Correct Answer-
orthodromic and antidromic
Upper extremity SSEPs are transmitted through which spinal cord tract? ✔Correct Answer-
Fasciculus cuneatus
The Zygomatic branch of CN 7 innervates which muscle? ✔Correct Answer-Orbucularis Oculi
Which cranial nerve travels above cerebellopontine space? ✔Correct Answer-Trigeminal
,What type of glial cells make up the myelin sheath of the peripheral nervous system?
✔Correct Answer-Schwann
ions are involved in a neuronal action potential ✔Correct Answer-Potassium and Sodium
The Artery of Adamkiewicz originates between: ✔Correct Answer-T8-L1
resting membrane potential of a neuron ✔Correct Answer--70mV
What type of glial cells make up the myelin sheath of the central nervous system ✔Correct
Answer-Oligidendrocytes
C7 nerve route emerges from the inter-vertebral foramen between ✔Correct Answer-C6 and
C7 vertebrae
C8 nerve root exits the spinal cord ✔Correct Answer-Above T1
The anterior spinothalamic tract carries sensory modalities of ✔Correct Answer-Crude touch
During a CEA, collateral perfusion is maintained by ✔Correct Answer-Circle of Willis
The blood supply to the spinal cord is predominantly provided by ✔Correct Answer-ASA
The two vertebral arteries pass through foramen magnum and unite to form ✔Correct
Answer-The basilar artery
not one of the branches of the facial nerve ✔Correct Answer-maxillary
What is the segmental motor innervation of the peroneus longus? ✔Correct Answer-L4, L5, S1
Where is the central relay station for sensory information that is located between the cerebrum
and spinal cord? ✔Correct Answer-Thalamus
Upper extremity SSEPs are primarily transmitted through ✔Correct Answer-Fasciculus
Cuneatus
Conus medullaris is located at which level in adults? ✔Correct Answer-L1 and L2
The thalamus and hypothalamus make up the ✔Correct Answer-Diencephalon
Cranial Nerve 6 ✔Correct Answer-Abducens
Resection of skull base tumors in the cerebellopontine angle may reduce the blood flow to
which of the following vessels? ✔Correct Answer-AICA
,What neurotransmitter is released at the neuronal end of the neuromuscular junction?
✔Correct Answer-Acetylcholine
The 3rd ventricle is connected to the 4th ventricle by the ✔Correct Answer-Aqueduct of
Sylvius
Which of the following cranial nerve innervates the extraocular muscles? ✔Correct Answer-
Abducens
What section of the spinal cord is considered the watershed zone? ✔Correct Answer-Thoracic
Which cranial nerves function focuses on facial touch, temperature, sensation, an mastication?
✔Correct Answer-Trigeminal
What does the T stand for in TLIF? ✔Correct Answer-Transforaminal
Blood is supplied to the spinal cord by? ✔Correct Answer-One ASA and two PSA
Which of the following areas of the spinal cord is most likely to have the poorest blood supply?
✔Correct Answer-Thoracic
What vertebral levels do the fasciculus gracillis carry information from? ✔Correct Answer-T7
and below
Lower motor neurons primarily exit the spinal cord through: ✔Correct Answer-Ventral nerve
roots
Which spinal artery is responsible for 1/3 of the spinal cords perfusion? ✔Correct Answer-PSA
What abnormality can defect in lower motor neurons cause? ✔Correct Answer-Flaccid
Paralysis
The flexion of the 4th and 5th digits of the hand would represent stimulation of the following
nerve: ✔Correct Answer-Ulnar Nerve
A loss of balance upon closing one's eyes while standing upright indicates a positive:
✔Correct Answer-Romberg's sign
What is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the myelin sheath of the central nervous
system? ✔Correct Answer-Multiple Sclerosis
Bell's Palsy ✔Correct Answer-Facial Nerve
, Brown Sequard Syndrome ✔Correct Answer-Spinal Cord Compression
A dystonic condition which causes the neck to twist to one head and the head to tilt ✔Correct
Answer-Torticollis
Myelopathy ✔Correct Answer-Spinal cord compression
Positive Babinski sign ✔Correct Answer-Fanning of toes
clinical indication of a lower motor neuron lesion ✔Correct Answer-Fasciculation
What is an autosomal recessive inherited disease that affects the spinocerebellar tracts,
posterior columns and dorsal root ganglion resulting in ataxia, muscle weakness, loss of
coordination, speech impairment, and curvature of spine? ✔Correct Answer-Friedreich's
Ataxia
Which motor and sensory finds are consistent with Brown Sequard Syndrome? ✔Correct
Answer-Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation, ipsilateral loss of motor function
A 67-year-old patient with long standing history of diabetes mellitus type 2, is scheduled for
surgery with IONM. He also has a left foot drop. Which nerve compression is responsible for
foot drop? ✔Correct Answer-Common peroneal nerve
radiculopathy ✔Correct Answer-Nerve roots
Shortened sternocleidomastoid muscle ✔Correct Answer-Torticollis
What is likely to result from a positional compression of the brachial plexus? ✔Correct
Answer-Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Spondylosis ✔Correct Answer-Degenerative Spine Disease
Compression of which nerve root would cause a shoulder abduction? ✔Correct Answer-C5
What is a slow growing tumor that can directly affect balance and hearing? ✔Correct Answer-
Acoustic Neuroma
Receptive aphasia is associated with damage to which neural structure? ✔Correct Answer-
Posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus
What spinal disorder causes a forward displacement of the vertebra that is commonly seen in
the 5th lumbar vertebra? ✔Correct Answer-Spondylolisthesis