WGU C224 ACTUAL EXAMS ALL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Paradigmatic/Philosophical Validity - ✔✔the extent to which the researcher
understands, and documents, "integrated" mixed research philosophical and
methodological paradigms, including epistemological, ontological, axiological, and
rhetorical beliefs about mixed research
✔✔Commensurability Approximation Validity - ✔✔the extent of meta-inferences made
in a mixed research study reflect a mixed worldview, based on a deep understanding
and appreciation of what a qualitative and quantitative researcher would see in the
world; a successful integration of both quantitative and qualitative viewpoints
✔✔Weakness Minimization Validity - ✔✔the extent to which the weakness from one
research approach is compensated for by the strengths from other approach(es);
combining qualitative and quantitative approaches with non-overlapping weaknesses
✔✔Sequential Validity - ✔✔the extent to which a researcher has appropriately build on
the prior stage in a sequential design
✔✔Conversion Validity - ✔✔the extent to which the researcher makes high-quality data
transformations (quantitizing and qualitizing) and appropriate interpretations/meta-
inferences based on transformed data
, ✔✔Sample Integration Validity - ✔✔the extent to which the relationship between
quantitative and qualitative sampling designs yield quality meta-inferences
✔✔Sociopolitical Validity - ✔✔the extent to which the researcher appropriately
addresses the interests, values, and standpoints of multiple stakeholders
✔✔Multiple Validity - ✔✔the extent to which the mixed researcher successfully
addresses and resolves all relevant validity types, including the quantitative and
qualitative validity types
✔✔Variable - ✔✔a condition or characteristic that can take on different values or
categories
✔✔Constant - ✔✔something that does not change, but takes on a single value
✔✔Categorical Variable - ✔✔a variable made of different types or categories of a
phenomenon, generally relating different groups
✔✔Quantitative Variable - ✔✔a variable that varies in degree or amount of a
phenomenon, usually in a numerical form
✔✔Independent Variable - ✔✔the variable that is presumed to cause changes in the
dependent variable; the variable that researchers manipulate in a controlled experiment;
also called the Antecedent Variable
✔✔Dependent Variable - ✔✔the variable that changes based on manipulation of one or
more independent variables; also called the Outcome/Response Variable
✔✔Mediating/Intervening Variable - ✔✔the variable that comes between other
variables; it occurs between two other variables in a cause-and-effect chain (IV-->?--
>DV)
✔✔Moderator Variable - ✔✔a variable that affects how the relationship between the IV
and the DV changes under different conditions; Ex. Relationship between studying (IV)
and test scores (DV) changes according to different levels of use of Ritalin
✔✔Extraneous Variable - ✔✔a variable that competes with the independent variable in
explaining the outcome of the experiment; also called Alternative Explanations or Rival
Hypotheses
✔✔Quantitative Research Methods - ✔✔Experimental and Non-Experimental
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Paradigmatic/Philosophical Validity - ✔✔the extent to which the researcher
understands, and documents, "integrated" mixed research philosophical and
methodological paradigms, including epistemological, ontological, axiological, and
rhetorical beliefs about mixed research
✔✔Commensurability Approximation Validity - ✔✔the extent of meta-inferences made
in a mixed research study reflect a mixed worldview, based on a deep understanding
and appreciation of what a qualitative and quantitative researcher would see in the
world; a successful integration of both quantitative and qualitative viewpoints
✔✔Weakness Minimization Validity - ✔✔the extent to which the weakness from one
research approach is compensated for by the strengths from other approach(es);
combining qualitative and quantitative approaches with non-overlapping weaknesses
✔✔Sequential Validity - ✔✔the extent to which a researcher has appropriately build on
the prior stage in a sequential design
✔✔Conversion Validity - ✔✔the extent to which the researcher makes high-quality data
transformations (quantitizing and qualitizing) and appropriate interpretations/meta-
inferences based on transformed data
, ✔✔Sample Integration Validity - ✔✔the extent to which the relationship between
quantitative and qualitative sampling designs yield quality meta-inferences
✔✔Sociopolitical Validity - ✔✔the extent to which the researcher appropriately
addresses the interests, values, and standpoints of multiple stakeholders
✔✔Multiple Validity - ✔✔the extent to which the mixed researcher successfully
addresses and resolves all relevant validity types, including the quantitative and
qualitative validity types
✔✔Variable - ✔✔a condition or characteristic that can take on different values or
categories
✔✔Constant - ✔✔something that does not change, but takes on a single value
✔✔Categorical Variable - ✔✔a variable made of different types or categories of a
phenomenon, generally relating different groups
✔✔Quantitative Variable - ✔✔a variable that varies in degree or amount of a
phenomenon, usually in a numerical form
✔✔Independent Variable - ✔✔the variable that is presumed to cause changes in the
dependent variable; the variable that researchers manipulate in a controlled experiment;
also called the Antecedent Variable
✔✔Dependent Variable - ✔✔the variable that changes based on manipulation of one or
more independent variables; also called the Outcome/Response Variable
✔✔Mediating/Intervening Variable - ✔✔the variable that comes between other
variables; it occurs between two other variables in a cause-and-effect chain (IV-->?--
>DV)
✔✔Moderator Variable - ✔✔a variable that affects how the relationship between the IV
and the DV changes under different conditions; Ex. Relationship between studying (IV)
and test scores (DV) changes according to different levels of use of Ritalin
✔✔Extraneous Variable - ✔✔a variable that competes with the independent variable in
explaining the outcome of the experiment; also called Alternative Explanations or Rival
Hypotheses
✔✔Quantitative Research Methods - ✔✔Experimental and Non-Experimental
