CSO Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers
Ageusia
Loss or absence of the sense of taste
Allogenic marrow transplantation
Transfer of marrow from donor to another person who is not genetically identical
Antineoplastic agents
Chemical agents (cytotoxics, biotherapies, hormones) or other agents used to prevent the
development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells
antioxidants
molecules (ie. vitamins) that block action of activated oxygen molecules (free radicals) that
can demage cells
autologous marrow transplantation
transfer of marrow from the pt's OWN tissue (from hematopietic stem cells)
cancer cachexia
per sample test question:temporal wasting, depleted fat stores, profound anorexia
Multifactorial syndrome characterized by ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass, anorexia,
early satiety, wt loss, anemia, edema, fatigue, possible metabolic alterations, increased
inflammatory markers and progressive functional impairment.
Pathophysiology characterized by negative protein energy balance driven by variable
combination of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism
,carcinogen
an agent (physical, chemical, or viral) that induces CA
carcinogenesis
the origin or development of CA, a multistage, biological process that proceeds on a
continuum but is often described in stages of initiation, promotion and progression
cytokines
protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to exogenous stimuli, produce
metabolic changes & wasting
dysgeusia
altered taste
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
a disease caused by the immune response of histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor
cells against the tissues of an immunoincompetent host; an immuniologic reaction of
allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting against the pt (host) tissues
evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total
bowel rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat &
acideity, gastric irritants --> regular diet
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
hypogeusia
decreased taste acuity
initiation
the initial stage of tumorigenesis, involving transformation of cellular DNA
,malignant neoplasm
mass of cancer cells that invades surrounding tissues or spreads to distant areas of body
metastasis
growth of malignant tissue THAT SPREADS to surrounding tissue or organs
myelosuppression
suppression of bone marrow cell production
neutropenia
a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by chemo or XRT, results in increased
susceptibility to life-threatening infections
pancytopenia
a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood (WBC, RBC, platlets)
phytochemicals
nonutritive compounds in plants thought to influence the process of tumorigenesis.
Compounds in plants (apart from vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients) that have a
beneficial effect the body.
progression
the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously and form benign tumors that
eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the capacity for tissue invasion & mets
Promotion
, The stage of tumorigenesis in which initiated cells are activated by a promoting agent to
multiply and form a discrete tumor
radiation-induced enteritis
a condition of inflammation that can occur after XRT to the GI tract & that leads to diarrhea
& malabsorption
staging
a classification system known as TNM that is used to identify the "extent" of the tumor: its
size, the degree of growth & spread;
T - size of tumor
N- degree of spread to lymph nodes
M- presence of mets
Tumor necrosis factor
a protein that is produced chiefly by monocytes and macrophages in response especially to
endotoxins and that mediates inflammation and induces the destruction of some tumor cells
and the activation of white blood cells
(cachectin, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-y); a hormone-like protein that releases fat
from fat stores, reduces the concentration of enzymes required for the production and storage
of fat & induces a stage of anorexia
veno-occlusive disease (VOD)
- transplant related complication
- a symptomatic occlusion of the small hepatic venules caused by hepatotoxins & XRT; may
resolve after removal of the offending agent or may progress to portal HTN & liver failure
Ageusia
Loss or absence of the sense of taste
Allogenic marrow transplantation
Transfer of marrow from donor to another person who is not genetically identical
Antineoplastic agents
Chemical agents (cytotoxics, biotherapies, hormones) or other agents used to prevent the
development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells
antioxidants
molecules (ie. vitamins) that block action of activated oxygen molecules (free radicals) that
can demage cells
autologous marrow transplantation
transfer of marrow from the pt's OWN tissue (from hematopietic stem cells)
cancer cachexia
per sample test question:temporal wasting, depleted fat stores, profound anorexia
Multifactorial syndrome characterized by ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass, anorexia,
early satiety, wt loss, anemia, edema, fatigue, possible metabolic alterations, increased
inflammatory markers and progressive functional impairment.
Pathophysiology characterized by negative protein energy balance driven by variable
combination of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism
,carcinogen
an agent (physical, chemical, or viral) that induces CA
carcinogenesis
the origin or development of CA, a multistage, biological process that proceeds on a
continuum but is often described in stages of initiation, promotion and progression
cytokines
protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to exogenous stimuli, produce
metabolic changes & wasting
dysgeusia
altered taste
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
a disease caused by the immune response of histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor
cells against the tissues of an immunoincompetent host; an immuniologic reaction of
allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting against the pt (host) tissues
evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total
bowel rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat &
acideity, gastric irritants --> regular diet
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
hypogeusia
decreased taste acuity
initiation
the initial stage of tumorigenesis, involving transformation of cellular DNA
,malignant neoplasm
mass of cancer cells that invades surrounding tissues or spreads to distant areas of body
metastasis
growth of malignant tissue THAT SPREADS to surrounding tissue or organs
myelosuppression
suppression of bone marrow cell production
neutropenia
a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by chemo or XRT, results in increased
susceptibility to life-threatening infections
pancytopenia
a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood (WBC, RBC, platlets)
phytochemicals
nonutritive compounds in plants thought to influence the process of tumorigenesis.
Compounds in plants (apart from vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients) that have a
beneficial effect the body.
progression
the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously and form benign tumors that
eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the capacity for tissue invasion & mets
Promotion
, The stage of tumorigenesis in which initiated cells are activated by a promoting agent to
multiply and form a discrete tumor
radiation-induced enteritis
a condition of inflammation that can occur after XRT to the GI tract & that leads to diarrhea
& malabsorption
staging
a classification system known as TNM that is used to identify the "extent" of the tumor: its
size, the degree of growth & spread;
T - size of tumor
N- degree of spread to lymph nodes
M- presence of mets
Tumor necrosis factor
a protein that is produced chiefly by monocytes and macrophages in response especially to
endotoxins and that mediates inflammation and induces the destruction of some tumor cells
and the activation of white blood cells
(cachectin, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-y); a hormone-like protein that releases fat
from fat stores, reduces the concentration of enzymes required for the production and storage
of fat & induces a stage of anorexia
veno-occlusive disease (VOD)
- transplant related complication
- a symptomatic occlusion of the small hepatic venules caused by hepatotoxins & XRT; may
resolve after removal of the offending agent or may progress to portal HTN & liver failure
