Postpartum and Newborn Care Updated Exam 2026 WITH
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A nurse is assessing a client 2 hours after a vaginal birth. The fundus is
boggy and displaced to the right. What is the nurse's priority action?
Answer: Assist the client to empty her bladder.
Rationale: A boggy uterus indicates uterine atony, the leading cause of
postpartum hemorrhage. A uterus displaced to the right commonly
results from bladder distention, which prevents effective uterine
contraction. Emptying the bladder allows the uterus to return to the
midline and contract firmly. If the uterus remains boggy after bladder
emptying, fundal massage and additional interventions are indicated.
During the immediate postpartum period, what finding indicates
effective uterine involution?
Answer: The fundus is firm, midline, and located at the level of the
umbilicus.
,Rationale: Immediately after delivery, the uterus should be firm,
centrally located, and approximately at the umbilicus. A firm uterus
minimizes bleeding by compressing uterine blood vessels. Deviation
from the midline or a soft uterus requires prompt nursing intervention.
A postpartum client saturates one perineal pad within 15 minutes.
What complication should the nurse suspect first?
Answer: Postpartum hemorrhage.
Rationale: Excessive vaginal bleeding demonstrated by saturating a pad
within 15 minutes is an emergency and strongly suggests postpartum
hemorrhage. Rapid assessment of uterine tone, vital signs, bladder
status, and provider notification are essential to prevent hypovolemic
shock.
Which maternal hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating milk
production?
Answer: Prolactin.
Rationale: Prolactin, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates
milk synthesis. Frequent breastfeeding increases prolactin release,
supporting continued milk production. Oxytocin is responsible for milk
ejection rather than milk production.
, Which hormone is responsible for the milk ejection reflex during
breastfeeding?
Answer: Oxytocin.
Rationale: Oxytocin causes contraction of myoepithelial cells
surrounding the alveoli in the breast, resulting in milk let-down.
Emotional relaxation, infant suckling, and skin-to-skin contact enhance
oxytocin release.
A nurse notes bright-red lochia on postpartum day 2. Is this an
expected finding?
Answer: Yes, lochia rubra is expected.
Rationale: Lochia rubra consists primarily of blood and decidual tissue
and normally lasts approximately 3 to 4 days following birth. It should
gradually decrease in amount without developing a foul odor or large
clots.
Which type of lochia normally appears approximately one week after
delivery?
Answer: Lochia serosa.