Infection Prevention and Control Updated Exam 2026 WITH
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A practical nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with pulmonary
tuberculosis. Which type of transmission-based precautions should the
nurse implement?
Answer: Airborne precautions.
Rationale: Pulmonary tuberculosis is transmitted through airborne
droplet nuclei that remain suspended in the air for prolonged periods.
The client should be placed in a negative-pressure room, and
healthcare personnel should wear a fit-tested N95 respirator or higher-
level respirator when entering the room.
A nurse prepares to perform hand hygiene after removing gloves. Why
should hand hygiene still be performed?
Answer: Gloves do not completely prevent hand contamination.
,Rationale: Microscopic tears in gloves or contamination during glove
removal can expose the hands to microorganisms. Hand hygiene
remains the most effective measure for preventing healthcare-
associated infections.
A client has Clostridioides difficile infection. Which hand hygiene
method should the nurse use after providing care?
Answer: Wash hands with soap and water.
Rationale: Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are less effective against C.
difficile spores. Mechanical washing with soap and water physically
removes spores from the hands and reduces transmission.
A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter. Which
technique should be maintained throughout the procedure?
Answer: Strict sterile technique.
Rationale: Urinary catheter insertion requires aseptic technique to
prevent microorganisms from entering the urinary tract, thereby
reducing the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections
(CAUTIs).
, A client with influenza is admitted to the medical unit. Which
transmission-based precautions are appropriate?
Answer: Droplet precautions.
Rationale: Influenza spreads primarily through respiratory droplets
produced during coughing, sneezing, or talking. Surgical masks should
be worn within close proximity to the client.
Which client should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for
developing a healthcare-associated infection?
Answer: An older adult with diabetes who has an indwelling urinary
catheter.
Rationale: Advanced age, diabetes, and invasive devices significantly
increase susceptibility to infection by impairing immune function and
providing a pathway for microorganisms.
A nurse is caring for a client with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) in a wound. Which additional precaution is required?
Answer: Contact precautions.