AHIT PACKAGED EXAM 4 2026 RESIDENTIAL
AND COMMERCIAL INSPECTION STUDY GUIDE
FULL PAPER AND ANSWERS
◉ Object Relations, Attachment and Psychodynamic: Major Figures.
Answer: *Freud, Erik Erikson, Nathan Ackerman
(psychodynamic),
* Object relations: Scharff & Scharff, Jung
* Attachment theory: Bowlby
◉ Object Relations: Philosophy.
Answer: The theory holds that the infant's experience in
relationship with the mother, or primary caregiver, is the primary
determinant of personality formation and that the infant's need for
attachment is the motivating factor in the development of the
infantile self.
◉ Object Relations: Splitting.
Answer: This occurs when a person (especially a child) can't keep
two contradictory thoughts or feelings in mind at the same time, and
therefore keeps the conflicting feelings apart and focuses on just one
of them
,◉ Object Relations: Object Constancy.
Answer: The capacity to recognize and tolerate loving and hostile
feelings toward the same object; the capacity to keep feelings
centered on a specific object; and the capacity to value an object for
attributes other than its function of satisfying needs
◉ Object Relations: Projective Identification.
Answer: The unconscious transfer of one's desires or emotions to
another person (unconsciously projecting our split parts onto
someone else to see them as all "good" or "bad")
◉ Object Relations: Internal Objects.
Answer: Mental images of self and others built from
experience and expectation
◉ Object Relations: Relationship Dances.
Answer: Strong/Weak, Depressed/Cheerful - The Yin-Yang of
relationships
◉ Object Relations: Repression.
Answer: The process of keeping the rejected object out of our
awareness
◉ Object Relations: Goals of Therapy.
,Answer: *To expand the family's capacity to nurture one another
*To master life cycles, offer empathic communication and behavior,
to recognize and rework defensive projective identifications, and
enable family autonomy
*Healthy attachment and growth in the family
◉ Object Relations: Interventions.
Answer: *Listening/Showing Empathy
*Interpretations (especially of projections)
*Family of origin work
*Creating a safe, nurturing/holding environment
◉ Object Relations: Role of Therapist.
Answer: Listener, Expert, Interpreter
◉ CBT: Historical Figures.
Answer: Norman Epstein, Aaron Beck, B F Skinner, Richard Stuart,
Ivan Pavlov, Albert Bandura, Albert Ellis, John B Watson, Neil
Jacobson, Gerald Jones, Arnold Lazarus, Robert Liberman, Donald
Meichenbaum, Gerald Patterson, Joseph Wolpe
◉ CBT: Case Conceptualization.
Answer: Baseline Assessment
, *Gaining information about the undesired behavior while
establishing a baseline of functioning
Intervention
*Implementing techniques to alleviate undesired behavior
Extinction
*Highlights the elimination of the undesired behavior and explored
identified problem solving skills
◉ CBT: Main Concepts.
Answer: ● Classical Conditioning: First described by Ivan Pavlov, a
Russian physiologist Involves placing a neutral signal before a reflex.
Focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors.
● Operant Conditioning: First described by B. F. Skinner, an
American psychologist Involves applying reinforcement or
punishment after a behavior. Focuses on strengthening or
weakening voluntary behaviors.
● Reinforcement: Positive and Negative - Positive is adding
something to increase a response and Negative is taking something
away to increase a response
● Primary and Secondary Reinforcements: Primary reinforcers are
biological. Food, drink, and pleasure are the principal examples of
primary reinforcers. But, most human reinforcers are secondary, or
conditioned. Examples include money, grades in schools, and tokens
AND COMMERCIAL INSPECTION STUDY GUIDE
FULL PAPER AND ANSWERS
◉ Object Relations, Attachment and Psychodynamic: Major Figures.
Answer: *Freud, Erik Erikson, Nathan Ackerman
(psychodynamic),
* Object relations: Scharff & Scharff, Jung
* Attachment theory: Bowlby
◉ Object Relations: Philosophy.
Answer: The theory holds that the infant's experience in
relationship with the mother, or primary caregiver, is the primary
determinant of personality formation and that the infant's need for
attachment is the motivating factor in the development of the
infantile self.
◉ Object Relations: Splitting.
Answer: This occurs when a person (especially a child) can't keep
two contradictory thoughts or feelings in mind at the same time, and
therefore keeps the conflicting feelings apart and focuses on just one
of them
,◉ Object Relations: Object Constancy.
Answer: The capacity to recognize and tolerate loving and hostile
feelings toward the same object; the capacity to keep feelings
centered on a specific object; and the capacity to value an object for
attributes other than its function of satisfying needs
◉ Object Relations: Projective Identification.
Answer: The unconscious transfer of one's desires or emotions to
another person (unconsciously projecting our split parts onto
someone else to see them as all "good" or "bad")
◉ Object Relations: Internal Objects.
Answer: Mental images of self and others built from
experience and expectation
◉ Object Relations: Relationship Dances.
Answer: Strong/Weak, Depressed/Cheerful - The Yin-Yang of
relationships
◉ Object Relations: Repression.
Answer: The process of keeping the rejected object out of our
awareness
◉ Object Relations: Goals of Therapy.
,Answer: *To expand the family's capacity to nurture one another
*To master life cycles, offer empathic communication and behavior,
to recognize and rework defensive projective identifications, and
enable family autonomy
*Healthy attachment and growth in the family
◉ Object Relations: Interventions.
Answer: *Listening/Showing Empathy
*Interpretations (especially of projections)
*Family of origin work
*Creating a safe, nurturing/holding environment
◉ Object Relations: Role of Therapist.
Answer: Listener, Expert, Interpreter
◉ CBT: Historical Figures.
Answer: Norman Epstein, Aaron Beck, B F Skinner, Richard Stuart,
Ivan Pavlov, Albert Bandura, Albert Ellis, John B Watson, Neil
Jacobson, Gerald Jones, Arnold Lazarus, Robert Liberman, Donald
Meichenbaum, Gerald Patterson, Joseph Wolpe
◉ CBT: Case Conceptualization.
Answer: Baseline Assessment
, *Gaining information about the undesired behavior while
establishing a baseline of functioning
Intervention
*Implementing techniques to alleviate undesired behavior
Extinction
*Highlights the elimination of the undesired behavior and explored
identified problem solving skills
◉ CBT: Main Concepts.
Answer: ● Classical Conditioning: First described by Ivan Pavlov, a
Russian physiologist Involves placing a neutral signal before a reflex.
Focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors.
● Operant Conditioning: First described by B. F. Skinner, an
American psychologist Involves applying reinforcement or
punishment after a behavior. Focuses on strengthening or
weakening voluntary behaviors.
● Reinforcement: Positive and Negative - Positive is adding
something to increase a response and Negative is taking something
away to increase a response
● Primary and Secondary Reinforcements: Primary reinforcers are
biological. Food, drink, and pleasure are the principal examples of
primary reinforcers. But, most human reinforcers are secondary, or
conditioned. Examples include money, grades in schools, and tokens
