NURSING 108 MIDTERM REVIEW ALL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
is comprehensive assessment? - ✔✔a way of assessing and gathering ALL data. Have
to keep an open mind to avoid pre-diagnosing
✔✔what is focused assessment? - ✔✔a way of gathering and assessing SPECIFIC
data. ex: if a patient claims they hurt their elbow, focus the assessment around their
elbow.
✔✔what are the 3 methods of assessment? - ✔✔1) interview=planned/structured
communication
2) observation='how do they look?' 'what are they doing?'
3) physical examination=comprehensive 'head to toe' vs focused on particular body
part.
✔✔what is the acronym used for documentation? - ✔✔SOAP
subjective data, objective data, assessment, plan
✔✔what is the importance of a nursing diagnosis? - ✔✔it offers individualized care,
describes an independent area of nursing practice, promotes communication within
teams and it helps to determine assessment and evaluation parameters.
-it also focuses on the client's needs for nursing care rather than just medical care
✔✔what is a nursing diagnosis problem? - ✔✔a statement of an actual or potential
health problem that nurses can identify and prescribe primary intervention for. It
includes inference, problem solving and clinical decision making.
✔✔define health - ✔✔it has many different definitions but in a nursing view it means
quality of life and well being. It's a state of complete physical, mental and social well
being and not just the absence of disease.
,✔✔define discourse - ✔✔a patterned system of conversations (texts, dialogue,
messages) that can be identified in communication and located in social structures. It
plays a role in determining what is valued in society and it receives attention and
resources
✔✔what are the 3 discourses on health? - ✔✔medical model, systems view, and social
determinants
✔✔what is the medical model of health? - ✔✔it is the absence of disease
a problem focused approach that predicts and controls health and is the basis for health
care funding, it's helpful when trying to cure/treat a medical disease
✔✔what is the systems view of health? - ✔✔it is more than the absence of disease and
is helpful during prevention
views health as being constructed through interrelatedness of physical, mental and
social well being
✔✔what are the social determinant of health? - ✔✔factors and conditions that influence
health over one's life and have been identified as essential to promote the health of a
population. Some ex: education, economic status, stress level, seasons, genetics, diet
etc.
✔✔what are the 6 shifts in focus towards health care/promotion in canada? - ✔✔1)
Lalonde Report (1974)
2) Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)
3) Epp Report, Achieving Health for All (1984/86)
4) Population Health (1994)
5) Canadian Nurses Association (1995)
6) Healthy Productive Canada (2009)
✔✔explain the Lalonde report. - ✔✔-Was the first time the gov't supported health
promotion. Represents a turning point in thinking about health promotion. Found that
lifestyle and environment were key determinants of health. Involves the integration of
the health care system with prevention and health promotion.
-Views health as not just freedom of disease but a state of well being
✔✔what are the 4 key health determinants that the Lalonde report focused on? -
✔✔human biology, lifestyles, environment and access to health care systems
✔✔what are the 5 strategies for promoting health outlined in the Ottawa Charter for
Health Promotion? - ✔✔1) building healthy public policy
2) creating supportive environments
3) strengthening community action
4) developing personal skills
5) reorienting health care
, ✔✔which shift in focus act is most important in Canada, and explain it. - ✔✔the Epp
report, Achieving Health for All (1984/86)
-identified challenges to achieving health which include a decrease in inequities, an
increase in prevention and enhancing coping. Switched focus from individual's and
families to the population/community. Promotes self care and helping the public begin to
participate and coordinate healthy public policy. Views health promotion as both societal
and individual's responsibility.
✔✔explain Population Health act - ✔✔switched focus to look at all populations and how
their interrelated conditions for health. Goal is to create a healthier country by
maintaining and improving health of entire population.
✔✔what is health promotion - ✔✔-no 'one' correct interpretation
can include education on healthy lifestyle choices, a way of living, taking actions on the
determinants of health, being politically active to make a change...it is everything nurses
do!
✔✔what are the 3 major approaches to health promotion? - ✔✔1) biomedical (overlaps
with behavioural)
2) behavioural
3) socio-environmental
✔✔What is the biomedical approach to health promotion? - ✔✔-It's influenced by
scientific advances and dominates in western society.
-Health: is the ABSENCE of disease
-Health determinants: physiological risk factors.
-Strategies: disease screening, immunizations etc.
-Goal: decrease morbidity and mortality rates
✔✔what is the behavioural/lifestyle approach to health promotion? - ✔✔-focus on
prevention of disease in people at risk due to their individual lifestyle choices.
-Health: is the physical-functional ability like physical and emotional well being.
-Health determinants: behavioural risk factors (like smoking, eating poorly, drinking etc.)
-Strategies: health education, social marketing and behaviour modification
-Goal: decrease risk factors, improve lifestyles and provide policies
✔✔what is the socio-environmental approach to health promotion? - ✔✔-key for CHN
-Health: goes beyond the physical-emotional well being and includes social well being
at individual and community levels
-Health determinants: psychosocial and socio-environmental risks
-Strategies: Ottawa Charter strategies and empowerment strategies
-Goal: improve personal health perception through social networks, community group
actions and to form health public policies
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
is comprehensive assessment? - ✔✔a way of assessing and gathering ALL data. Have
to keep an open mind to avoid pre-diagnosing
✔✔what is focused assessment? - ✔✔a way of gathering and assessing SPECIFIC
data. ex: if a patient claims they hurt their elbow, focus the assessment around their
elbow.
✔✔what are the 3 methods of assessment? - ✔✔1) interview=planned/structured
communication
2) observation='how do they look?' 'what are they doing?'
3) physical examination=comprehensive 'head to toe' vs focused on particular body
part.
✔✔what is the acronym used for documentation? - ✔✔SOAP
subjective data, objective data, assessment, plan
✔✔what is the importance of a nursing diagnosis? - ✔✔it offers individualized care,
describes an independent area of nursing practice, promotes communication within
teams and it helps to determine assessment and evaluation parameters.
-it also focuses on the client's needs for nursing care rather than just medical care
✔✔what is a nursing diagnosis problem? - ✔✔a statement of an actual or potential
health problem that nurses can identify and prescribe primary intervention for. It
includes inference, problem solving and clinical decision making.
✔✔define health - ✔✔it has many different definitions but in a nursing view it means
quality of life and well being. It's a state of complete physical, mental and social well
being and not just the absence of disease.
,✔✔define discourse - ✔✔a patterned system of conversations (texts, dialogue,
messages) that can be identified in communication and located in social structures. It
plays a role in determining what is valued in society and it receives attention and
resources
✔✔what are the 3 discourses on health? - ✔✔medical model, systems view, and social
determinants
✔✔what is the medical model of health? - ✔✔it is the absence of disease
a problem focused approach that predicts and controls health and is the basis for health
care funding, it's helpful when trying to cure/treat a medical disease
✔✔what is the systems view of health? - ✔✔it is more than the absence of disease and
is helpful during prevention
views health as being constructed through interrelatedness of physical, mental and
social well being
✔✔what are the social determinant of health? - ✔✔factors and conditions that influence
health over one's life and have been identified as essential to promote the health of a
population. Some ex: education, economic status, stress level, seasons, genetics, diet
etc.
✔✔what are the 6 shifts in focus towards health care/promotion in canada? - ✔✔1)
Lalonde Report (1974)
2) Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)
3) Epp Report, Achieving Health for All (1984/86)
4) Population Health (1994)
5) Canadian Nurses Association (1995)
6) Healthy Productive Canada (2009)
✔✔explain the Lalonde report. - ✔✔-Was the first time the gov't supported health
promotion. Represents a turning point in thinking about health promotion. Found that
lifestyle and environment were key determinants of health. Involves the integration of
the health care system with prevention and health promotion.
-Views health as not just freedom of disease but a state of well being
✔✔what are the 4 key health determinants that the Lalonde report focused on? -
✔✔human biology, lifestyles, environment and access to health care systems
✔✔what are the 5 strategies for promoting health outlined in the Ottawa Charter for
Health Promotion? - ✔✔1) building healthy public policy
2) creating supportive environments
3) strengthening community action
4) developing personal skills
5) reorienting health care
, ✔✔which shift in focus act is most important in Canada, and explain it. - ✔✔the Epp
report, Achieving Health for All (1984/86)
-identified challenges to achieving health which include a decrease in inequities, an
increase in prevention and enhancing coping. Switched focus from individual's and
families to the population/community. Promotes self care and helping the public begin to
participate and coordinate healthy public policy. Views health promotion as both societal
and individual's responsibility.
✔✔explain Population Health act - ✔✔switched focus to look at all populations and how
their interrelated conditions for health. Goal is to create a healthier country by
maintaining and improving health of entire population.
✔✔what is health promotion - ✔✔-no 'one' correct interpretation
can include education on healthy lifestyle choices, a way of living, taking actions on the
determinants of health, being politically active to make a change...it is everything nurses
do!
✔✔what are the 3 major approaches to health promotion? - ✔✔1) biomedical (overlaps
with behavioural)
2) behavioural
3) socio-environmental
✔✔What is the biomedical approach to health promotion? - ✔✔-It's influenced by
scientific advances and dominates in western society.
-Health: is the ABSENCE of disease
-Health determinants: physiological risk factors.
-Strategies: disease screening, immunizations etc.
-Goal: decrease morbidity and mortality rates
✔✔what is the behavioural/lifestyle approach to health promotion? - ✔✔-focus on
prevention of disease in people at risk due to their individual lifestyle choices.
-Health: is the physical-functional ability like physical and emotional well being.
-Health determinants: behavioural risk factors (like smoking, eating poorly, drinking etc.)
-Strategies: health education, social marketing and behaviour modification
-Goal: decrease risk factors, improve lifestyles and provide policies
✔✔what is the socio-environmental approach to health promotion? - ✔✔-key for CHN
-Health: goes beyond the physical-emotional well being and includes social well being
at individual and community levels
-Health determinants: psychosocial and socio-environmental risks
-Strategies: Ottawa Charter strategies and empowerment strategies
-Goal: improve personal health perception through social networks, community group
actions and to form health public policies
