Rasmussen College NUR 2502 MDC 3 Final Exam Study Guide _LATEST 2026/2027 VERIFIED
respiratory alkalosis ✔️high pH, low CO2
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
metabolic acidosis ✔️low pH, low HCO3
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
respiratory acidosis ✔️low pH, high CO2
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
metabolic alkalosis ✔️high pH, high HCO3
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
▪ change in condition make take priority over ABCs (ex: post op bleeding is priority over an O2 Sat% of 90%)
▪ pick the patient that is going to die first ✔️Priority questions...something to consider
CPR, press the code button ✔️You walk into your patient's room and they *don't have a pulse*, what are you going to do?
bag resuscitation, press the code button ✔️You walk into your patient's room and they are *not breathing but have a pulse*, what are you going
to do?
▪ unconscious, pulseless
▪ shock them with the AED! ✔️If you walk into a room with a patient that is in *ventricular fibrillation (v fib)*
▪ How will they present?
▪ What must we do to get them out of that state?
▪ make them bear down (valsalva maneuver)
, ▪ make them cough (vagal maneuver) ✔️If you walk into a room and a patient is alert and oriented, speaking to you, has a pulse, but their
cardiac monitor shows they are in *ventricular tachycardia*
▪ What are you going to do?
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) ✔️Which cardiac rhythm requires the patient to take *adenosine*?
▪ they may end up with a *blood clot* because the blood is pooling in the atria ✔️What is our priority concern for a patient in *atrial fibrillation
(a-fib)*?
*control RVR for patient:*
▪ give anticoagulants
▪ beta blockers, digoxin, diltiazem
▪ if meds don't work...cardioversion (synchronized shock to re-start the rhythm)
▪ if cardioversion doesn't work...ablation ✔️Nursing Interventions: *A-fib RVR*
▪ chest pain
▪ SOB
▪ diaphoresis
▪ N/V
▪ hypertension
▪ tachycardia
▪ jaw pain, anxiety, indigestion (women)
▪ elevated troponin levels
▪ EKG changes - ST elevation ✔️If you have a patient who comes into the ED and they are having an MI, what are the signs/symptoms? lab values
to confirm this?
*Oxygen* - 1st
*Nitro* - given sublingual, 3 doses q 5 min (home), drip (hospital), drops BP (vasodilator)
*Aspirin* - antiplatelet, stops clotting, 325 mg, chew it
*Morphine* - calms the patient down, helps pain ✔️Treatment: *Myocardial Infarction*
▪ CPK
▪ troponin
▪ CK-MB
▪ BNP ✔️Name the cardiac enzymes
angioplasty
stent the artery
angiogram
remove clots
cardiac catheterization ✔️Procedures: *Myocardial Infarction (MI)*
CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) ✔️Procedure: Patient has an MI and extreme plaque build up
respiratory alkalosis ✔️high pH, low CO2
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
metabolic acidosis ✔️low pH, low HCO3
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
respiratory acidosis ✔️low pH, high CO2
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
metabolic alkalosis ✔️high pH, high HCO3
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
▪ change in condition make take priority over ABCs (ex: post op bleeding is priority over an O2 Sat% of 90%)
▪ pick the patient that is going to die first ✔️Priority questions...something to consider
CPR, press the code button ✔️You walk into your patient's room and they *don't have a pulse*, what are you going to do?
bag resuscitation, press the code button ✔️You walk into your patient's room and they are *not breathing but have a pulse*, what are you going
to do?
▪ unconscious, pulseless
▪ shock them with the AED! ✔️If you walk into a room with a patient that is in *ventricular fibrillation (v fib)*
▪ How will they present?
▪ What must we do to get them out of that state?
▪ make them bear down (valsalva maneuver)
, ▪ make them cough (vagal maneuver) ✔️If you walk into a room and a patient is alert and oriented, speaking to you, has a pulse, but their
cardiac monitor shows they are in *ventricular tachycardia*
▪ What are you going to do?
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) ✔️Which cardiac rhythm requires the patient to take *adenosine*?
▪ they may end up with a *blood clot* because the blood is pooling in the atria ✔️What is our priority concern for a patient in *atrial fibrillation
(a-fib)*?
*control RVR for patient:*
▪ give anticoagulants
▪ beta blockers, digoxin, diltiazem
▪ if meds don't work...cardioversion (synchronized shock to re-start the rhythm)
▪ if cardioversion doesn't work...ablation ✔️Nursing Interventions: *A-fib RVR*
▪ chest pain
▪ SOB
▪ diaphoresis
▪ N/V
▪ hypertension
▪ tachycardia
▪ jaw pain, anxiety, indigestion (women)
▪ elevated troponin levels
▪ EKG changes - ST elevation ✔️If you have a patient who comes into the ED and they are having an MI, what are the signs/symptoms? lab values
to confirm this?
*Oxygen* - 1st
*Nitro* - given sublingual, 3 doses q 5 min (home), drip (hospital), drops BP (vasodilator)
*Aspirin* - antiplatelet, stops clotting, 325 mg, chew it
*Morphine* - calms the patient down, helps pain ✔️Treatment: *Myocardial Infarction*
▪ CPK
▪ troponin
▪ CK-MB
▪ BNP ✔️Name the cardiac enzymes
angioplasty
stent the artery
angiogram
remove clots
cardiac catheterization ✔️Procedures: *Myocardial Infarction (MI)*
CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) ✔️Procedure: Patient has an MI and extreme plaque build up
