EXAM 4 BSC 2085 FLORIDA STATE
UNIVERSITY FSU HUMAN ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY I EXAM 4 2026
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
DETAILED RATIONALES FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Reflex Arc: - CORRECT ANSWER -- The wiring of a single reflex
- Beginning at receptor
- Ending at peripheral effector
- Generally opposes original stimulus (negative feedback)
Spinal Reflexes are controlled by: - CORRECT ANSWER -Spinal cord alone,
not the brain
Spinal Reflexes - CORRECT ANSWER -rapid, automatic nerve responses
triggered by specific stimuli
can involve a single spinal segment or multiple segments
,Gross Anatomy of the Spinal Cord: - CORRECT ANSWER -- About 18 inches
(45 cm) long
- 1/2 inch (14 mm) wide
- Ends between vertebrae L1 and L2
- Bilateral symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry of Spinal Cord: - CORRECT ANSWER -- Gray matter
surrounded by white matter
- Grooves divide the spinal cord into left and right: posterior median sulcus
and anterior median fissue
*Enlargements* of the Spinal Cord are Caused by: - CORRECT ANSWER --
Amount of gray matter in segment (more gray matter since more cells in
these areas for limbs)
- Involvement with sensory and motor nerves of limbs
Posterior Median Sulcus - CORRECT ANSWER -on posterior side of spinal
cord
,Anterior Median Fissue - CORRECT ANSWER -deeper groove on anterior
side of spinal cord
Cervical enlargement - CORRECT ANSWER -- around the level of C6
- Nerves of shoulders and upper limbs
Lumbar enlargement - CORRECT ANSWER -- around the level of T11
- Nerves of pelvis and lower limbs
The distal end of the Spinal Cord: - CORRECT ANSWER -Conus medullaris
Filum Terminale
Cauda Equina
Conus medullaris - CORRECT ANSWER -Thin, conical spinal cord below
lumbar enlargement
Filum terminale - CORRECT ANSWER -Thin thread of fibrous tissue at end
of conus medullaris
Attaches to coccygeal ligament
, Cauda Equina - CORRECT ANSWER -Nerve roots (ventral and dorsal)
extending below conus medullaris and into sacrum
There are 31 Spinal Cord Segments that... - CORRECT ANSWER -Based on
vertebrae where spinal nerves originate
Positions of spinal segment and vertebrae change with age (as vertebral
column grows, dorsal and ventral roots elongate): Cervical nerves and other
nerves
Cervical Nerves: - CORRECT ANSWER -Named for inferior vertebra (nerve
exists under the vertebra it is named after)
Except for cervical nerve 8 (since cervical vertebra 8 does not exist!)
All other nerves - CORRECT ANSWER -named for superior vertebra
Roots (two branches of spinal nerves) - CORRECT ANSWER -Ventral root &
Dorsal Root
Ventral Root - CORRECT ANSWER -Contains axons of motor neurons
(somatic and visceral effectors)
Dorsal root - CORRECT ANSWER -Contains axons of sensory neurons
(somatic and visceral)
UNIVERSITY FSU HUMAN ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY I EXAM 4 2026
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
DETAILED RATIONALES FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Reflex Arc: - CORRECT ANSWER -- The wiring of a single reflex
- Beginning at receptor
- Ending at peripheral effector
- Generally opposes original stimulus (negative feedback)
Spinal Reflexes are controlled by: - CORRECT ANSWER -Spinal cord alone,
not the brain
Spinal Reflexes - CORRECT ANSWER -rapid, automatic nerve responses
triggered by specific stimuli
can involve a single spinal segment or multiple segments
,Gross Anatomy of the Spinal Cord: - CORRECT ANSWER -- About 18 inches
(45 cm) long
- 1/2 inch (14 mm) wide
- Ends between vertebrae L1 and L2
- Bilateral symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry of Spinal Cord: - CORRECT ANSWER -- Gray matter
surrounded by white matter
- Grooves divide the spinal cord into left and right: posterior median sulcus
and anterior median fissue
*Enlargements* of the Spinal Cord are Caused by: - CORRECT ANSWER --
Amount of gray matter in segment (more gray matter since more cells in
these areas for limbs)
- Involvement with sensory and motor nerves of limbs
Posterior Median Sulcus - CORRECT ANSWER -on posterior side of spinal
cord
,Anterior Median Fissue - CORRECT ANSWER -deeper groove on anterior
side of spinal cord
Cervical enlargement - CORRECT ANSWER -- around the level of C6
- Nerves of shoulders and upper limbs
Lumbar enlargement - CORRECT ANSWER -- around the level of T11
- Nerves of pelvis and lower limbs
The distal end of the Spinal Cord: - CORRECT ANSWER -Conus medullaris
Filum Terminale
Cauda Equina
Conus medullaris - CORRECT ANSWER -Thin, conical spinal cord below
lumbar enlargement
Filum terminale - CORRECT ANSWER -Thin thread of fibrous tissue at end
of conus medullaris
Attaches to coccygeal ligament
, Cauda Equina - CORRECT ANSWER -Nerve roots (ventral and dorsal)
extending below conus medullaris and into sacrum
There are 31 Spinal Cord Segments that... - CORRECT ANSWER -Based on
vertebrae where spinal nerves originate
Positions of spinal segment and vertebrae change with age (as vertebral
column grows, dorsal and ventral roots elongate): Cervical nerves and other
nerves
Cervical Nerves: - CORRECT ANSWER -Named for inferior vertebra (nerve
exists under the vertebra it is named after)
Except for cervical nerve 8 (since cervical vertebra 8 does not exist!)
All other nerves - CORRECT ANSWER -named for superior vertebra
Roots (two branches of spinal nerves) - CORRECT ANSWER -Ventral root &
Dorsal Root
Ventral Root - CORRECT ANSWER -Contains axons of motor neurons
(somatic and visceral effectors)
Dorsal root - CORRECT ANSWER -Contains axons of sensory neurons
(somatic and visceral)
