Nurs 302 Pathophysiology Exam 1
Questions With Complete Solutions
1. Which term describes the process by which a normal cell undergoes genetic
mutations that transform it into a malignant cell?
a. Metastasis
b. Carcinogenesis
c. Hyperplasia
d. Dysplasia
Answer: b
2. A patient with myasthenia gravis asks why her muscles feel weak. The nurse explains
that this condition involves:
a. Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
b. Autoimmune destruction of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
c. Demyelination of peripheral motor neurons
d. Atrophy of skeletal muscle due to disuse
Answer: b
3. Which of the following best defines homeostasis?
a. The process by which damaged cells are replaced by scar tissue
, b. The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite external
changes
c. The immune response to foreign antigens
d. The programmed death of cells no longer needed by the body
Answer: b
4. An elderly patient is noted to have significant loss of skeletal muscle mass. The nurse
identifies this as:
a. Osteoporosis
b. Sarcopenia
c. Atrophy
d. Cachexia
Answer: b
5. A woman's uterus returns to its normal size after childbirth. This is an example of:
a. Hypertrophy
b. Hyperplasia
c. Atrophy
d. Metaplasia
Answer: c
6. The increase in muscle mass seen in a bodybuilder who lifts weights daily is an
example of:
a. Atrophy
b. Hypertrophy
c. Hyperplasia
d. Dysplasia
, Answer: b
7. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the number of cells, resulting in
increased tissue mass?
a. Atrophy
b. Hypertrophy
c. Hyperplasia
d. Metaplasia
Answer: c
8. A patient with chronic GERD develops replacement of the normal stratified squamous
epithelium of the esophagus with columnar epithelium. This is an example of:
a. Dysplasia
b. Metaplasia
c. Hypertrophy
d. Neoplasia
Answer: b
9. Programmed cell death is called:
a. Necrosis
b. Apoptosis
c. Ischemia
d. Infarction
Answer: b
Questions With Complete Solutions
1. Which term describes the process by which a normal cell undergoes genetic
mutations that transform it into a malignant cell?
a. Metastasis
b. Carcinogenesis
c. Hyperplasia
d. Dysplasia
Answer: b
2. A patient with myasthenia gravis asks why her muscles feel weak. The nurse explains
that this condition involves:
a. Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
b. Autoimmune destruction of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
c. Demyelination of peripheral motor neurons
d. Atrophy of skeletal muscle due to disuse
Answer: b
3. Which of the following best defines homeostasis?
a. The process by which damaged cells are replaced by scar tissue
, b. The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite external
changes
c. The immune response to foreign antigens
d. The programmed death of cells no longer needed by the body
Answer: b
4. An elderly patient is noted to have significant loss of skeletal muscle mass. The nurse
identifies this as:
a. Osteoporosis
b. Sarcopenia
c. Atrophy
d. Cachexia
Answer: b
5. A woman's uterus returns to its normal size after childbirth. This is an example of:
a. Hypertrophy
b. Hyperplasia
c. Atrophy
d. Metaplasia
Answer: c
6. The increase in muscle mass seen in a bodybuilder who lifts weights daily is an
example of:
a. Atrophy
b. Hypertrophy
c. Hyperplasia
d. Dysplasia
, Answer: b
7. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the number of cells, resulting in
increased tissue mass?
a. Atrophy
b. Hypertrophy
c. Hyperplasia
d. Metaplasia
Answer: c
8. A patient with chronic GERD develops replacement of the normal stratified squamous
epithelium of the esophagus with columnar epithelium. This is an example of:
a. Dysplasia
b. Metaplasia
c. Hypertrophy
d. Neoplasia
Answer: b
9. Programmed cell death is called:
a. Necrosis
b. Apoptosis
c. Ischemia
d. Infarction
Answer: b
