BIL 150 FINAL EXAM BY MALLERY 2026 AND
2027 123 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A
PLUS EDITION.
◎ Rudolph Virchow theory. ANSWER:- all cells arise from pre-existing cells
◎ Spontaneous Generation. ANSWER:- Francisco Redi; whole organisms could arise
spontaneously or from inadamite matter
◎ Louis Pasteur. ANSWER:- air is full of bacteria; broth
◎ 1. store hereditary info
2. replicate hereditary info
3. transcribe DNA into RNA
4. translate RNA into protein
5. enzymes
6. require free energy
7. same molecular building blocks
8. enclosed by cell membrane. ANSWER:- universal properties of all cells (8)
◎ Bioenergetics. ANSWER:- science of energy flow and thermodynamics
◎ Five kingdoms. ANSWER:- monera, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
◎ 3 domains. ANSWER:- archae, bacteria, eukarya
◎ Monera. ANSWER:- true bacteria, most successful, single celled
◎ Protista. ANSWER:- algae, unicellular eukaryotes
◎ Plantae. ANSWER:- plants/photosynthetic organisms
◎ Fungi. ANSWER:- molds/yeasts, decompose other organisms
◎ Animalia. ANSWER:- animals, hetertrophs
◎ Cosmology. ANSWER:- study of origin of the universe
◎ Nucleosynthesis. ANSWER:- process of formation of 92 natural elements in the
periodic table
◎ 13.75 billion years. ANSWER:- Age of universe
,◎ 4.5 billion years. ANSWER:- Age of earth
◎ 3.5 billion years. ANSWER:- Age of life
◎ Keplar 452b. ANSWER:- most earthlike planet
◎ Panspermia. ANSWER:- life was imported to earth in form of organic building blocks
or microorganisms from far away
◎ Feldspar. ANSWER:- microscopic pits that shelter molecules from UV radiation
◎ Magnetite. ANSWER:- combination of nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia
◎ Clay. ANSWER:- layered sheets trap organics to form complex molecules
◎ Chirality. ANSWER:- when two different configurations are not super-imposable
◎ Enantiomers. ANSWER:- Mirror images; same molecular formula but differ in 3D
orientation of atoms
◎ Dextrorotatory (R or D Isomer). ANSWER:- isomer rotates the plane of polarized light
to the right
◎ Levorotatory (S or L Isomer). ANSWER:- Isomer rotates the plane of polarized light
to the left
◎ Calcite. ANSWER:- mineral that attracts D&L amino acid isomers to different crystal
faces
◎ Synthetic Cells. ANSWER:- to construct artificial organisms that can reproduce and
evolve
◎ Protocells (protobionts). ANSWER:- spherical collection of lipids proposed as a
stepping-stone to the origin of life
◎ Anabolic Pathway. ANSWER:- reactions work to make larger molecules from smaller
ones
◎ Catabolic Pathway. ANSWER:- degradatory reactions break down larger molecules
into smaller
◎ Hydrocarbon. ANSWER:- molecules made of carbon and hydrogen and have
molecular skeletons
, ◎ Structural Isomer. ANSWER:- have the same empirical formula but different
structures
◎ Cis-Isomer. ANSWER:- two X's on the same side
◎ Trans-Isomer. ANSWER:- two X's on opposite side
◎ Aldose. ANSWER:- carbohydrates built on aldehyde; C=O on top
◎ Ketose. ANSWER:- carbohydrates built on ketone; C=O in middle
◎ A Glucose. ANSWER:- OH on bottom right
◎ B Glucose. ANSWER:- OH on top right
◎ Dehydration Reaction. ANSWER:- take away water to induce a bond
◎ Configuration. ANSWER:- the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule
◎ Triglyceride. ANSWER:- 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids; formed by a condensation
reaction
◎ Glycerol end. ANSWER:- hydrophillic; polar
◎ Hydrocarbon end. ANSWER:- hydrophobic; non-polar
◎ Saturated fat. ANSWER:- solid at room temp; no cis-isomer
◎ Unsaturated fat. ANSWER:- liquid at room temp; cis-isomer
◎ Phospholipid. ANSWER:- 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate
◎ Nucleotide. ANSWER:- nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, inorganic phosphate
◎ Phosphodiester Bond. ANSWER:- binds a sugar and phosphate together
◎ NH2. ANSWER:- Amino Group
◎ C=O. ANSWER:- Carbonyl Group
◎ COOH. ANSWER:- Carboxyl Group
◎ OH. ANSWER:- Hydroxyl Group
2027 123 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A
PLUS EDITION.
◎ Rudolph Virchow theory. ANSWER:- all cells arise from pre-existing cells
◎ Spontaneous Generation. ANSWER:- Francisco Redi; whole organisms could arise
spontaneously or from inadamite matter
◎ Louis Pasteur. ANSWER:- air is full of bacteria; broth
◎ 1. store hereditary info
2. replicate hereditary info
3. transcribe DNA into RNA
4. translate RNA into protein
5. enzymes
6. require free energy
7. same molecular building blocks
8. enclosed by cell membrane. ANSWER:- universal properties of all cells (8)
◎ Bioenergetics. ANSWER:- science of energy flow and thermodynamics
◎ Five kingdoms. ANSWER:- monera, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
◎ 3 domains. ANSWER:- archae, bacteria, eukarya
◎ Monera. ANSWER:- true bacteria, most successful, single celled
◎ Protista. ANSWER:- algae, unicellular eukaryotes
◎ Plantae. ANSWER:- plants/photosynthetic organisms
◎ Fungi. ANSWER:- molds/yeasts, decompose other organisms
◎ Animalia. ANSWER:- animals, hetertrophs
◎ Cosmology. ANSWER:- study of origin of the universe
◎ Nucleosynthesis. ANSWER:- process of formation of 92 natural elements in the
periodic table
◎ 13.75 billion years. ANSWER:- Age of universe
,◎ 4.5 billion years. ANSWER:- Age of earth
◎ 3.5 billion years. ANSWER:- Age of life
◎ Keplar 452b. ANSWER:- most earthlike planet
◎ Panspermia. ANSWER:- life was imported to earth in form of organic building blocks
or microorganisms from far away
◎ Feldspar. ANSWER:- microscopic pits that shelter molecules from UV radiation
◎ Magnetite. ANSWER:- combination of nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia
◎ Clay. ANSWER:- layered sheets trap organics to form complex molecules
◎ Chirality. ANSWER:- when two different configurations are not super-imposable
◎ Enantiomers. ANSWER:- Mirror images; same molecular formula but differ in 3D
orientation of atoms
◎ Dextrorotatory (R or D Isomer). ANSWER:- isomer rotates the plane of polarized light
to the right
◎ Levorotatory (S or L Isomer). ANSWER:- Isomer rotates the plane of polarized light
to the left
◎ Calcite. ANSWER:- mineral that attracts D&L amino acid isomers to different crystal
faces
◎ Synthetic Cells. ANSWER:- to construct artificial organisms that can reproduce and
evolve
◎ Protocells (protobionts). ANSWER:- spherical collection of lipids proposed as a
stepping-stone to the origin of life
◎ Anabolic Pathway. ANSWER:- reactions work to make larger molecules from smaller
ones
◎ Catabolic Pathway. ANSWER:- degradatory reactions break down larger molecules
into smaller
◎ Hydrocarbon. ANSWER:- molecules made of carbon and hydrogen and have
molecular skeletons
, ◎ Structural Isomer. ANSWER:- have the same empirical formula but different
structures
◎ Cis-Isomer. ANSWER:- two X's on the same side
◎ Trans-Isomer. ANSWER:- two X's on opposite side
◎ Aldose. ANSWER:- carbohydrates built on aldehyde; C=O on top
◎ Ketose. ANSWER:- carbohydrates built on ketone; C=O in middle
◎ A Glucose. ANSWER:- OH on bottom right
◎ B Glucose. ANSWER:- OH on top right
◎ Dehydration Reaction. ANSWER:- take away water to induce a bond
◎ Configuration. ANSWER:- the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule
◎ Triglyceride. ANSWER:- 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids; formed by a condensation
reaction
◎ Glycerol end. ANSWER:- hydrophillic; polar
◎ Hydrocarbon end. ANSWER:- hydrophobic; non-polar
◎ Saturated fat. ANSWER:- solid at room temp; no cis-isomer
◎ Unsaturated fat. ANSWER:- liquid at room temp; cis-isomer
◎ Phospholipid. ANSWER:- 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate
◎ Nucleotide. ANSWER:- nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, inorganic phosphate
◎ Phosphodiester Bond. ANSWER:- binds a sugar and phosphate together
◎ NH2. ANSWER:- Amino Group
◎ C=O. ANSWER:- Carbonyl Group
◎ COOH. ANSWER:- Carboxyl Group
◎ OH. ANSWER:- Hydroxyl Group
