ABO EXAMS CERTIFICATION BUNDLE 2026
AND 2027 MASTER GUIDE FULL QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS RATED 100%
CORRECT.
◎ The fibrous tunic is comprised of the: ANSWER:- Sclera and cornea
◎ Fusion occurs: ANSWER:- In the brain
◎ The aqueous fluid is continually being manufactured by: ANSWER:- The ciliary body
◎ The ability of the eye to bring objects of varying distances to focus on the retina is
known as: ANSWER:- Accommodation
◎ When accommodation is at rest, rays of light from a distant source come to focus
behind the retina. This condition is known as: ANSWER:- Hyperopia
◎ Impulses are carried from the retina to the brain along the: ANSWER:- Optic nerve
◎ That area of the retina capable of perceiving the greatest amount of detail is:
ANSWER:- Fovea centralis
◎ The average cornea has a refractive power of approximately: ANSWER:- 43 diopters
◎ The layer of the cornea which is highly regenerative is: ANSWER:- The epithelium
◎ Night vision is chiefly a function of the: ANSWER:- Rods
◎ A tendency of the visual axis to deviate inward while the eyes are in a position of rest
is known as: ANSWER:- Esophoria
◎ A "farsighted" eye is one that is: ANSWER:- Hyperopic
◎ The term used to indicate "double vision" is: ANSWER:- Diplopia
◎ The condition in which the ability to accommodate for near vision becomes
inadequate because of loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens is called: ANSWER:-
Presbyopia
◎ When there is a loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye it is known as:
ANSWER:- Amblyopia
,◎ A refractive error in which the rays of light do not come to a single point of focus is
called: ANSWER:- Astigmatism
◎ The condition in which the crystalline lens of the eye gradually loses its transparency
with consequent loss of visual acuity is known as: ANSWER:- Cataract
◎ An ocular disease having as its primary characteristic a sustained increase in
intraocular pressure. ANSWER:- Glaucoma
◎ The space between the front of the iris and the innermost portion of the cornea (the
endothelium), this space is filled with aqueous. ANSWER:- Anterior chamber
◎ A tendency of one eye to deviate upward is: ANSWER:- Hyperphoria
◎ The layer of the cornea which comprises ninety percent of its thickness is:
ANSWER:- The stroma
◎ A condition in which the refractive error of one eye significantly differs from that of the
other and where both eyes have the same sign (i.e. both eyes are myopic or hyperopic)
is known as: ANSWER:- Anisometropia
◎ The refractive error which results in two points of focus falling behind the retina is:
ANSWER:- Compound hyperopic astigmatism
◎ The refractive condition caused by a damaged cornea so that rays of light come to
many focal points on the retina is known as: ANSWER:- Irregular astigmatism
◎ The index of refraction of the crystalline lens is: ANSWER:- 1.42
◎ The index of refraction of the cornea is: ANSWER:- 1.37
◎ Myopia means the eye
A. is nearsighted
B. has distance blur
C. requires a (-) minus lens
D. all of the above ANSWER:- D. all of the above
◎ The Retina contains
A. lab tools
B. lens information
C. light receptors
D. understock of frames ANSWER:- C. light receptors
◎ Hyperopic people have difficulty seeing
,A. distance objects
B. near objects
C. everything
D. nothing ANSWER:- B. near objects
◎ How many ranges of vision do bifocals provide?
A. one
B. Three
C. Two
D. Infinite ANSWER:- C. Two
◎ The top portion of a bifocal allows wearers to see:
A. objects in the distance
B. a & c
C. objects beyond arm's length
D. objects up to 18 inches ANSWER:- B. a & c
◎ Characteristics of a plus (+) lens include:
A. thin center
B. minifies objects
C. converges light rays
D. corrects myopia ANSWER:- C. converges light rays
◎ Polycarbonate lens material is:
A. heavy
B. tintable
C. most impact resistant material
D. totally scratch resistant ANSWER:- C. most impact resistant material
◎ Which of the following would be considered a lens enhancement?
A. polycarbonate
B. anti-reflective coating
C. progressive
D. thin center ANSWER:- B. anti-reflective coating
◎ Ultraviolet protection (UV) is not important to
A. children
B. women
C. elderly patients
D. none of the above ANSWER:- D. none of the above
◎ The following information is required on a written prescription:
A. doctor's name
B. doctor's signature
C. date
D. all of the above ANSWER:- D. all of the above
, ◎ The front surface of lenses can be measured using a ____________. ANSWER:-
Lens clock (Geneva lens measurer).
◎ High plus lenses will produce _________________ distortion while high minus
lenses will produce _____________ distortion. ANSWER:- Pin cushion and barrel.
◎ The unit of measurement for a wavelength of light is called _____________.
ANSWER:- Nano-meters (nm)
◎ The speed at which light travels is ______________, while _______________ refers
to the number of wave vibrations per second. ANSWER:- Velocity, Frequency.
◎ Give the wavelength range for UVA: __________ UVB: __________ UVC:
___________. ANSWER:- UVA: 315-380 nm
UVB: 290-315 nm
UVC: 210-290 nm
◎ Wavelengths in the ______________ colored part of the spectrum are thought to
provide the clearest vision. ANSWER:- Green
◎ The focal length of a .50 D lens is _________________. ANSWER:- 2 meters.
◎ There are _________________ millimeters in one meter. ANSWER:- One thousand
◎ The color in the visible spectrum with the shortest wavelength is
_________________. ANSWER:- Violet
◎ Wavelengths that are "in phase" produce:
A. destructive interference
B. high frequencies
C. a big reflection
D. no reflection ANSWER:- C. a big reflection
◎ Anti-reflective coating causes an ______________ situation. ANSWER:- out of
phase (destructive interference)
◎ Minus lenses combine prisms:
A. base to base
B. apex to apex
C. apex to base
D. front to bakc ANSWER:- B. apex to apex
◎ Characteristics of a plus lens include:
A. "with motion"
AND 2027 MASTER GUIDE FULL QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS RATED 100%
CORRECT.
◎ The fibrous tunic is comprised of the: ANSWER:- Sclera and cornea
◎ Fusion occurs: ANSWER:- In the brain
◎ The aqueous fluid is continually being manufactured by: ANSWER:- The ciliary body
◎ The ability of the eye to bring objects of varying distances to focus on the retina is
known as: ANSWER:- Accommodation
◎ When accommodation is at rest, rays of light from a distant source come to focus
behind the retina. This condition is known as: ANSWER:- Hyperopia
◎ Impulses are carried from the retina to the brain along the: ANSWER:- Optic nerve
◎ That area of the retina capable of perceiving the greatest amount of detail is:
ANSWER:- Fovea centralis
◎ The average cornea has a refractive power of approximately: ANSWER:- 43 diopters
◎ The layer of the cornea which is highly regenerative is: ANSWER:- The epithelium
◎ Night vision is chiefly a function of the: ANSWER:- Rods
◎ A tendency of the visual axis to deviate inward while the eyes are in a position of rest
is known as: ANSWER:- Esophoria
◎ A "farsighted" eye is one that is: ANSWER:- Hyperopic
◎ The term used to indicate "double vision" is: ANSWER:- Diplopia
◎ The condition in which the ability to accommodate for near vision becomes
inadequate because of loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens is called: ANSWER:-
Presbyopia
◎ When there is a loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye it is known as:
ANSWER:- Amblyopia
,◎ A refractive error in which the rays of light do not come to a single point of focus is
called: ANSWER:- Astigmatism
◎ The condition in which the crystalline lens of the eye gradually loses its transparency
with consequent loss of visual acuity is known as: ANSWER:- Cataract
◎ An ocular disease having as its primary characteristic a sustained increase in
intraocular pressure. ANSWER:- Glaucoma
◎ The space between the front of the iris and the innermost portion of the cornea (the
endothelium), this space is filled with aqueous. ANSWER:- Anterior chamber
◎ A tendency of one eye to deviate upward is: ANSWER:- Hyperphoria
◎ The layer of the cornea which comprises ninety percent of its thickness is:
ANSWER:- The stroma
◎ A condition in which the refractive error of one eye significantly differs from that of the
other and where both eyes have the same sign (i.e. both eyes are myopic or hyperopic)
is known as: ANSWER:- Anisometropia
◎ The refractive error which results in two points of focus falling behind the retina is:
ANSWER:- Compound hyperopic astigmatism
◎ The refractive condition caused by a damaged cornea so that rays of light come to
many focal points on the retina is known as: ANSWER:- Irregular astigmatism
◎ The index of refraction of the crystalline lens is: ANSWER:- 1.42
◎ The index of refraction of the cornea is: ANSWER:- 1.37
◎ Myopia means the eye
A. is nearsighted
B. has distance blur
C. requires a (-) minus lens
D. all of the above ANSWER:- D. all of the above
◎ The Retina contains
A. lab tools
B. lens information
C. light receptors
D. understock of frames ANSWER:- C. light receptors
◎ Hyperopic people have difficulty seeing
,A. distance objects
B. near objects
C. everything
D. nothing ANSWER:- B. near objects
◎ How many ranges of vision do bifocals provide?
A. one
B. Three
C. Two
D. Infinite ANSWER:- C. Two
◎ The top portion of a bifocal allows wearers to see:
A. objects in the distance
B. a & c
C. objects beyond arm's length
D. objects up to 18 inches ANSWER:- B. a & c
◎ Characteristics of a plus (+) lens include:
A. thin center
B. minifies objects
C. converges light rays
D. corrects myopia ANSWER:- C. converges light rays
◎ Polycarbonate lens material is:
A. heavy
B. tintable
C. most impact resistant material
D. totally scratch resistant ANSWER:- C. most impact resistant material
◎ Which of the following would be considered a lens enhancement?
A. polycarbonate
B. anti-reflective coating
C. progressive
D. thin center ANSWER:- B. anti-reflective coating
◎ Ultraviolet protection (UV) is not important to
A. children
B. women
C. elderly patients
D. none of the above ANSWER:- D. none of the above
◎ The following information is required on a written prescription:
A. doctor's name
B. doctor's signature
C. date
D. all of the above ANSWER:- D. all of the above
, ◎ The front surface of lenses can be measured using a ____________. ANSWER:-
Lens clock (Geneva lens measurer).
◎ High plus lenses will produce _________________ distortion while high minus
lenses will produce _____________ distortion. ANSWER:- Pin cushion and barrel.
◎ The unit of measurement for a wavelength of light is called _____________.
ANSWER:- Nano-meters (nm)
◎ The speed at which light travels is ______________, while _______________ refers
to the number of wave vibrations per second. ANSWER:- Velocity, Frequency.
◎ Give the wavelength range for UVA: __________ UVB: __________ UVC:
___________. ANSWER:- UVA: 315-380 nm
UVB: 290-315 nm
UVC: 210-290 nm
◎ Wavelengths in the ______________ colored part of the spectrum are thought to
provide the clearest vision. ANSWER:- Green
◎ The focal length of a .50 D lens is _________________. ANSWER:- 2 meters.
◎ There are _________________ millimeters in one meter. ANSWER:- One thousand
◎ The color in the visible spectrum with the shortest wavelength is
_________________. ANSWER:- Violet
◎ Wavelengths that are "in phase" produce:
A. destructive interference
B. high frequencies
C. a big reflection
D. no reflection ANSWER:- C. a big reflection
◎ Anti-reflective coating causes an ______________ situation. ANSWER:- out of
phase (destructive interference)
◎ Minus lenses combine prisms:
A. base to base
B. apex to apex
C. apex to base
D. front to bakc ANSWER:- B. apex to apex
◎ Characteristics of a plus lens include:
A. "with motion"
