Test Bank for:
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES,
PRINCIPLES, CORRELATIONS SIXTH
EDITION by MICHAEL L. BISHOP
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** Questions with Verified Answer
** New Edition | Updated
** 100% Guaranteed Pass
** 100% Correct Answers | Graded A+
,Accessioning identification and logging of specimens in a laboratory.
Accuracy without error; closeness to the true value.
Acid a substance that can yield a hydrogen ion or hydronium ion when dissolved in
water.
Acidemia a pH of blood less than the reference range.
Acidosis a pH below the reference range.
Acromegaly chronic disease of middle-aged individuals typified by elongation and
enlargement of the extremities and certain head bones.
Activation energy energy required to raise all molecules in 1 mole of a compound at a certain
temperature to the transition state at the peak of the energy barrier.
Activator a substance that converts an inactive substance to an active one; induces
activity.
Active transport a mechanism that requires energy in order to move ions across cellular
membranes.
Activity coefficient (AC) relating to the study of vitamins, an expression indicating the enhancement of
enzyme activity upon saturation with a vitamin. The greater the AC, the more
likely it is that the patient is deficient in the vitamin.
Acute coronary syndromes a progression of pathologic conditions involved in ischemic heart disease,
including erosion and rupture of coronary artery plaques, activation of platelets,
and thrombi. This progression is as termed the acute coronary syndromes and
ranges from unstable angina to extensive tissue necrosis in acute myocardial
infarction.
Acute renal failure a sudden, sharp decline in renal operation as a result of an acute toxic or hypoxic
insult to the kidneys. This has been defined as occurring when the glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) is reduced to 10 mL per minute.
Adaptive immune system one of two functional parts of the immune system; it produces a specific reaction
to each infectious agent, then normally eradicates that agent and remembers
that particular infectious agent, preventing it from causing disease later. For
example, measles and diphtheria produce a lifelong immunity following an
infection.
Addison's disease disease stemming from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones.
Additive A substance not naturally a part of a material (e.g., food) but deliberately added
to fulfill some specific purpose (e.g., preservation).
,Adrenal glands paired organs located at the upper pole of each kidney. Each gland consists of
an outer cortex and an inner medulla, which have different embryologic origins,
different mechanisms of control, and different products.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. It stimulates the cortex of
the adrenal glands to produce adrenal cortical hormones.
Affinity attraction or force causing two substances to unite.
Aging maturing; a progressive loss of adaptation leading to decreased viability and life
expectancy and increased vulnerability.
Airborne pathogen any infectious agent transmissible by air, e.g., tuberculosis.
Albumin the main protein in plasma.
Aldosterone the principal mineralocorticoid (electrolyteregulating hormone) produced by the
zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex; its major action is to facilitate potassium
exchange for sodium in the distal renal tubule, causing sodium reabsorption and
potassium and hydrogen loss.
Aliquot a sample, of which the mass of volume is a known fraction of that of the whole.
Alkalemia a blood pH greater than the reference range (7.35-7.45).
Alkalosis a pH above the reference range.
Allantoin produced by the oxidation of uric acid by the enzyme uricase. It is the end
product of purine metabolism.
Allograft transplant tissue from the same species (e.g., kidney).
Amenorrhea cessation of menstruation.
Amine any one of a group of nitrogen-containing organic compounds. The amine
hormones include epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine.
Amino acid small biomolecules with a tetrahedral carbon covalently bound to an amino
group, a carboxyl group, a variable (R) group, and a hydrogen atom.
Aminoacidopathies inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism.
, Ammonia NH3; formed in vivo from breakdown of amino acids.
Amniocentesis puncture of the amniotic sac to obtain fluid for analysis.
Amniotic fluid a fluid in which the fetus is suspended; it provides a cushioning medium for the
fetus and serves as a matrix for influx and efflux of constituents.
Amphoteric having two or more ionizable sites that can result in either a net positive or a net
negative charge depending on the pH of the environment.
Amplicon amplified target DNA sequences.
Anabolism the building up in the body of complex chemical compounds from smaller simpler
compounds (e.g., proteins from amino acids), usually with the use of energy.
Analgesic a drug that relieves pain.
Analyte a biologic solute or constituent (e.g., calcium, glucose, sodium).
Analytical error error due to the instrument's, procedure's, or laboratory scientist's handling of a
specimen during testing.
Analytical variations nonidentical measurements that have diverse causes, including instrument,
reagent, and operator variations.
Anchored vein vein that is held in place by surrounding tissues and does nor roll easily,
therefore resulting in successful venipuncture.
Arachnoid villi/granulations tufted prolongations of piaarachnoid that protrude through the meningeal layer of
the dura mater and have a thin limiting membrane; collections of arachnoid villus
form arachnoid granulations that lie in venous lacunae at the margin of the
superior sagittal sinus.
Arrhythmia irregular heartbeat or action.
Arterial blood blood from arteries.
Arterial septal defect heart abnormality that causes left-to-right shunting of blood between the atria.
Arteriosclerosis includes a number of pathologic conditions in which there is a thickening or
hardening of the walls of the arteries.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES,
PRINCIPLES, CORRELATIONS SIXTH
EDITION by MICHAEL L. BISHOP
** Expert-Verified Explanation
** Questions with Verified Answer
** New Edition | Updated
** 100% Guaranteed Pass
** 100% Correct Answers | Graded A+
,Accessioning identification and logging of specimens in a laboratory.
Accuracy without error; closeness to the true value.
Acid a substance that can yield a hydrogen ion or hydronium ion when dissolved in
water.
Acidemia a pH of blood less than the reference range.
Acidosis a pH below the reference range.
Acromegaly chronic disease of middle-aged individuals typified by elongation and
enlargement of the extremities and certain head bones.
Activation energy energy required to raise all molecules in 1 mole of a compound at a certain
temperature to the transition state at the peak of the energy barrier.
Activator a substance that converts an inactive substance to an active one; induces
activity.
Active transport a mechanism that requires energy in order to move ions across cellular
membranes.
Activity coefficient (AC) relating to the study of vitamins, an expression indicating the enhancement of
enzyme activity upon saturation with a vitamin. The greater the AC, the more
likely it is that the patient is deficient in the vitamin.
Acute coronary syndromes a progression of pathologic conditions involved in ischemic heart disease,
including erosion and rupture of coronary artery plaques, activation of platelets,
and thrombi. This progression is as termed the acute coronary syndromes and
ranges from unstable angina to extensive tissue necrosis in acute myocardial
infarction.
Acute renal failure a sudden, sharp decline in renal operation as a result of an acute toxic or hypoxic
insult to the kidneys. This has been defined as occurring when the glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) is reduced to 10 mL per minute.
Adaptive immune system one of two functional parts of the immune system; it produces a specific reaction
to each infectious agent, then normally eradicates that agent and remembers
that particular infectious agent, preventing it from causing disease later. For
example, measles and diphtheria produce a lifelong immunity following an
infection.
Addison's disease disease stemming from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones.
Additive A substance not naturally a part of a material (e.g., food) but deliberately added
to fulfill some specific purpose (e.g., preservation).
,Adrenal glands paired organs located at the upper pole of each kidney. Each gland consists of
an outer cortex and an inner medulla, which have different embryologic origins,
different mechanisms of control, and different products.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. It stimulates the cortex of
the adrenal glands to produce adrenal cortical hormones.
Affinity attraction or force causing two substances to unite.
Aging maturing; a progressive loss of adaptation leading to decreased viability and life
expectancy and increased vulnerability.
Airborne pathogen any infectious agent transmissible by air, e.g., tuberculosis.
Albumin the main protein in plasma.
Aldosterone the principal mineralocorticoid (electrolyteregulating hormone) produced by the
zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex; its major action is to facilitate potassium
exchange for sodium in the distal renal tubule, causing sodium reabsorption and
potassium and hydrogen loss.
Aliquot a sample, of which the mass of volume is a known fraction of that of the whole.
Alkalemia a blood pH greater than the reference range (7.35-7.45).
Alkalosis a pH above the reference range.
Allantoin produced by the oxidation of uric acid by the enzyme uricase. It is the end
product of purine metabolism.
Allograft transplant tissue from the same species (e.g., kidney).
Amenorrhea cessation of menstruation.
Amine any one of a group of nitrogen-containing organic compounds. The amine
hormones include epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine.
Amino acid small biomolecules with a tetrahedral carbon covalently bound to an amino
group, a carboxyl group, a variable (R) group, and a hydrogen atom.
Aminoacidopathies inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism.
, Ammonia NH3; formed in vivo from breakdown of amino acids.
Amniocentesis puncture of the amniotic sac to obtain fluid for analysis.
Amniotic fluid a fluid in which the fetus is suspended; it provides a cushioning medium for the
fetus and serves as a matrix for influx and efflux of constituents.
Amphoteric having two or more ionizable sites that can result in either a net positive or a net
negative charge depending on the pH of the environment.
Amplicon amplified target DNA sequences.
Anabolism the building up in the body of complex chemical compounds from smaller simpler
compounds (e.g., proteins from amino acids), usually with the use of energy.
Analgesic a drug that relieves pain.
Analyte a biologic solute or constituent (e.g., calcium, glucose, sodium).
Analytical error error due to the instrument's, procedure's, or laboratory scientist's handling of a
specimen during testing.
Analytical variations nonidentical measurements that have diverse causes, including instrument,
reagent, and operator variations.
Anchored vein vein that is held in place by surrounding tissues and does nor roll easily,
therefore resulting in successful venipuncture.
Arachnoid villi/granulations tufted prolongations of piaarachnoid that protrude through the meningeal layer of
the dura mater and have a thin limiting membrane; collections of arachnoid villus
form arachnoid granulations that lie in venous lacunae at the margin of the
superior sagittal sinus.
Arrhythmia irregular heartbeat or action.
Arterial blood blood from arteries.
Arterial septal defect heart abnormality that causes left-to-right shunting of blood between the atria.
Arteriosclerosis includes a number of pathologic conditions in which there is a thickening or
hardening of the walls of the arteries.
