NSG 554 / NTR 554 Final Exam (Exam 1 & 2 Questions)
2026 | Questions & Verified Answers | Latest Update |
Graded A+
1. What percentage of foodborne illnesses is attributed to milk products today?
Less than 1%
25%
10%
50%
2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating milk production in
breastfeeding mothers?
prolactin
calcitriol
oxytocin
testosterone
3. What is the primary pathway through which immune cells move from the
blood to milk?
Lipid secretion pathway
The secretory vesicles pathway
The paracellular pathway
Transcytosis
4. Which carbohydrate is primarily found in milk and serves as a significant
energy source for infants?
Lactose
, Sucrose
Fructose
Glucose
5. A major structural difference between the bovine and human mammary
glands is
the human gland does not have ducts.
the human gland does not have a gland cistern.
the human gland does not have alveoli.
the human gland does not have myoepitheilal cells.
6. What is the most common age range for the occurrence of milk allergies in
children?
2-5 years
over 60 years
15-22 years
7-12 years
7. Allergy to milk most commonly occurs in people of what age?
2-5 years
15-22 years
over 60 years
7-12 years
,8. If a parent notices signs of milk allergy in their 3-year-old child, what steps
should they take to manage the situation?
Immediately eliminate all dairy products from the child's diet without
consulting a doctor.
Introduce more dairy products to build tolerance in the child.
Wait until the child is 7 years old to see if the allergy resolves on its
own.
Consult a pediatrician for evaluation and possible dietary
adjustments.
9. If a person has a problem digesting milk products, what condition does she
have?
Gestational diabetes
Anemia
Preeclampsia
Lactose intolerance
10. The polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) is responsible for what?
Using IgM to initiate an immune response.
Binding IgE to start an allergic response to milk protein.
Transcytosis of IgG.
Adding secretory component during the transfer of IgA.
11. If a study finds that the concentration of glucose in the arterial blood supply
is significantly higher than in the venous blood supply during lactation, what
conclusion can be drawn regarding glucose uptake by the mammary gland?
, Glucose is not being utilized by the mammary gland.
Glucose levels are unaffected by lactation.
Glucose is produced by the mammary gland.
Glucose is being extracted from the bloodstream by the mammary
gland.
12. What is the chief carbohydrate found in milk?
lactose
galactose
fructose
sucrose
13. Which is true?
casein micelles in milk are surrounded by a membrane
milk fat droplets in milk are surrounded by a membrane
milk fat droplets in milk are composed of lipoproteins
casein micelles precipitate at high pH
14. The predominant whey protein found in cow's milk is:
α-lactalbumin
β-lactoglobulin
Bovine serum albumin
Immunoglobulins
15. Describe the role of lactoferrin in milk and its significance for infant health.
2026 | Questions & Verified Answers | Latest Update |
Graded A+
1. What percentage of foodborne illnesses is attributed to milk products today?
Less than 1%
25%
10%
50%
2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating milk production in
breastfeeding mothers?
prolactin
calcitriol
oxytocin
testosterone
3. What is the primary pathway through which immune cells move from the
blood to milk?
Lipid secretion pathway
The secretory vesicles pathway
The paracellular pathway
Transcytosis
4. Which carbohydrate is primarily found in milk and serves as a significant
energy source for infants?
Lactose
, Sucrose
Fructose
Glucose
5. A major structural difference between the bovine and human mammary
glands is
the human gland does not have ducts.
the human gland does not have a gland cistern.
the human gland does not have alveoli.
the human gland does not have myoepitheilal cells.
6. What is the most common age range for the occurrence of milk allergies in
children?
2-5 years
over 60 years
15-22 years
7-12 years
7. Allergy to milk most commonly occurs in people of what age?
2-5 years
15-22 years
over 60 years
7-12 years
,8. If a parent notices signs of milk allergy in their 3-year-old child, what steps
should they take to manage the situation?
Immediately eliminate all dairy products from the child's diet without
consulting a doctor.
Introduce more dairy products to build tolerance in the child.
Wait until the child is 7 years old to see if the allergy resolves on its
own.
Consult a pediatrician for evaluation and possible dietary
adjustments.
9. If a person has a problem digesting milk products, what condition does she
have?
Gestational diabetes
Anemia
Preeclampsia
Lactose intolerance
10. The polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) is responsible for what?
Using IgM to initiate an immune response.
Binding IgE to start an allergic response to milk protein.
Transcytosis of IgG.
Adding secretory component during the transfer of IgA.
11. If a study finds that the concentration of glucose in the arterial blood supply
is significantly higher than in the venous blood supply during lactation, what
conclusion can be drawn regarding glucose uptake by the mammary gland?
, Glucose is not being utilized by the mammary gland.
Glucose levels are unaffected by lactation.
Glucose is produced by the mammary gland.
Glucose is being extracted from the bloodstream by the mammary
gland.
12. What is the chief carbohydrate found in milk?
lactose
galactose
fructose
sucrose
13. Which is true?
casein micelles in milk are surrounded by a membrane
milk fat droplets in milk are surrounded by a membrane
milk fat droplets in milk are composed of lipoproteins
casein micelles precipitate at high pH
14. The predominant whey protein found in cow's milk is:
α-lactalbumin
β-lactoglobulin
Bovine serum albumin
Immunoglobulins
15. Describe the role of lactoferrin in milk and its significance for infant health.
