D665: Learner Development and the
Science of Learning Section 1:
Neuroscience
Neuroscience - Answer the study of the brain and the nervous system
Cognition - Answer the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering,
and communicating
Neurodevelopment - Answer how the brain grows and changes; plays. crucial role in
acquiring new knowledge, honing cognitive skills, and adapting to challenges of formal
education
Myelination - Answer makes pathways stronger
Pruning - Answer gets rid of pathways that aren't needed
Neurons - Answer tiny cells in the brain that work together like an extensive communication
network
Brain stem - Answer part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord; oversees important
jobs like keeping the heart beating regularly, controlling breathing, managing blood flow, and
controlling automatic actions like sneezing and swallowing
Limbic system - Answer deep in the brain, it is like an emotional control center helping
handle feelings, like happiness, fear, and sadness
Cerebellum - Answer located at the back of the head, the "little brain" helps control
voluntary muscle movements, posture, and balance
Cerebrum - Answer the front part of the brain responsible for controlling movement, body
temperature, and thinking skills like speaking, problem-solving, and decision-making. it also
handles sensory tasks like seeing, hearing, and feeling touch
Prefrontal cortex - Answer plays a crucial role in decision-making, impulse control, and
emotional regulation
, Encoding - Answer the initial processing of information, converting sensory input into a form
that the brain can store and use
Storage - Answer involves retaining encoded information over time
Retrieval - Answer the process of accessing stored information when needed
Feedback - Answer provides information about performance, guiding future actions to refine
learning strategies
Metacognition - Answer the awareness and understanding of one's thinking processes to
monitor and regulate learning
Retrieval practice - Answer enhances long term retention by actively recalling information
from memory
Spacing - Answer strategically spacing out study sessions over time leads to more robust
learning outcomes
Interleaving - Answer mixing different topics or skills within a single study session promotes
deeper understanding and transfer of knowledge
Feedback-driven metacognition - Answer monitor and regulate learning processes to foster
greater self-awareness and learning autonomy
Desirable difficulty - Answer introducing challenges or obstacles during learning to cultivate
resilience and enhance overall
Learning science - Answer investigates how people learn, encompassing psychology,
neuroscience, education, and computer science to understand the cognitive processes,
behaviors, and environments that facilitate learning and knowledge acquisition
Research-based practices - Answer arise from solid empirical research or methods shown to
positively affect classroom learning
Evidence-based practices - Answer practices informed by evidence from studies conducted in
educational research and learning science
Science of Learning Section 1:
Neuroscience
Neuroscience - Answer the study of the brain and the nervous system
Cognition - Answer the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering,
and communicating
Neurodevelopment - Answer how the brain grows and changes; plays. crucial role in
acquiring new knowledge, honing cognitive skills, and adapting to challenges of formal
education
Myelination - Answer makes pathways stronger
Pruning - Answer gets rid of pathways that aren't needed
Neurons - Answer tiny cells in the brain that work together like an extensive communication
network
Brain stem - Answer part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord; oversees important
jobs like keeping the heart beating regularly, controlling breathing, managing blood flow, and
controlling automatic actions like sneezing and swallowing
Limbic system - Answer deep in the brain, it is like an emotional control center helping
handle feelings, like happiness, fear, and sadness
Cerebellum - Answer located at the back of the head, the "little brain" helps control
voluntary muscle movements, posture, and balance
Cerebrum - Answer the front part of the brain responsible for controlling movement, body
temperature, and thinking skills like speaking, problem-solving, and decision-making. it also
handles sensory tasks like seeing, hearing, and feeling touch
Prefrontal cortex - Answer plays a crucial role in decision-making, impulse control, and
emotional regulation
, Encoding - Answer the initial processing of information, converting sensory input into a form
that the brain can store and use
Storage - Answer involves retaining encoded information over time
Retrieval - Answer the process of accessing stored information when needed
Feedback - Answer provides information about performance, guiding future actions to refine
learning strategies
Metacognition - Answer the awareness and understanding of one's thinking processes to
monitor and regulate learning
Retrieval practice - Answer enhances long term retention by actively recalling information
from memory
Spacing - Answer strategically spacing out study sessions over time leads to more robust
learning outcomes
Interleaving - Answer mixing different topics or skills within a single study session promotes
deeper understanding and transfer of knowledge
Feedback-driven metacognition - Answer monitor and regulate learning processes to foster
greater self-awareness and learning autonomy
Desirable difficulty - Answer introducing challenges or obstacles during learning to cultivate
resilience and enhance overall
Learning science - Answer investigates how people learn, encompassing psychology,
neuroscience, education, and computer science to understand the cognitive processes,
behaviors, and environments that facilitate learning and knowledge acquisition
Research-based practices - Answer arise from solid empirical research or methods shown to
positively affect classroom learning
Evidence-based practices - Answer practices informed by evidence from studies conducted in
educational research and learning science
