What are the characteristics of life?
ANSWER
Organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth and development, reproduction, and reg-
ulation (homeostasis).
What is metabolism?
ANSWER
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body.
What are the major structural levels of organization in the human body in order?
ANSWER
Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism.
What is anatomy?
ANSWER
The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships.
What is physiology?
ANSWER
The study of the function of body parts and how they work.
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
ANSWER
1
,Anatomy focuses on structure; physiology focuses on function.
What is gross anatomy?
ANSWER
The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye.
What is microscopic anatomy?
ANSWER
The study of structures that cannot be seen without magnification.
What is systemic anatomy?
ANSWER
The study of the body by organ systems.
What is regional anatomy?
ANSWER
The study of all structures in a specific region of the body.
What are the organ systems of the human body?
ANSWER
Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respira-
tory, digestive, urinary, reproductive.
What is the function of the integumentary system?
ANSWER
Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, vitamin D synthesis.
2
,What is the function of the skeletal system?
ANSWER
Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation.
What is the function of the muscular system?
ANSWER
Movement, posture, heat production.
What is the function of the nervous system?
ANSWER
Rapid control and communication using electrical signals.
What is the function of the endocrine system?
ANSWER
Long-term regulation using hormones.
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
ANSWER
Transport of blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes.
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
ANSWER
Fluid balance and immune defense.
What is the function of the respiratory system?
ANSWER
Gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
3
, What is the function of the digestive system?
ANSWER
Breakdown and absorption of nutrients.
What is the function of the urinary system?
ANSWER
Removal of nitrogenous wastes and regulation of water and electrolytes.
What is the function of the reproductive system?
ANSWER
Production of gametes and reproduction.
What does the term superior mean?
ANSWER
Toward the head; above.
What does the term inferior mean?
ANSWER
Away from the head; below.
What does anterior mean?
ANSWER
Toward the front of the body.
What does posterior mean?
ANSWER
4
ANSWER
Organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth and development, reproduction, and reg-
ulation (homeostasis).
What is metabolism?
ANSWER
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body.
What are the major structural levels of organization in the human body in order?
ANSWER
Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism.
What is anatomy?
ANSWER
The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships.
What is physiology?
ANSWER
The study of the function of body parts and how they work.
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
ANSWER
1
,Anatomy focuses on structure; physiology focuses on function.
What is gross anatomy?
ANSWER
The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye.
What is microscopic anatomy?
ANSWER
The study of structures that cannot be seen without magnification.
What is systemic anatomy?
ANSWER
The study of the body by organ systems.
What is regional anatomy?
ANSWER
The study of all structures in a specific region of the body.
What are the organ systems of the human body?
ANSWER
Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respira-
tory, digestive, urinary, reproductive.
What is the function of the integumentary system?
ANSWER
Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, vitamin D synthesis.
2
,What is the function of the skeletal system?
ANSWER
Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation.
What is the function of the muscular system?
ANSWER
Movement, posture, heat production.
What is the function of the nervous system?
ANSWER
Rapid control and communication using electrical signals.
What is the function of the endocrine system?
ANSWER
Long-term regulation using hormones.
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
ANSWER
Transport of blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes.
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
ANSWER
Fluid balance and immune defense.
What is the function of the respiratory system?
ANSWER
Gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
3
, What is the function of the digestive system?
ANSWER
Breakdown and absorption of nutrients.
What is the function of the urinary system?
ANSWER
Removal of nitrogenous wastes and regulation of water and electrolytes.
What is the function of the reproductive system?
ANSWER
Production of gametes and reproduction.
What does the term superior mean?
ANSWER
Toward the head; above.
What does the term inferior mean?
ANSWER
Away from the head; below.
What does anterior mean?
ANSWER
Toward the front of the body.
What does posterior mean?
ANSWER
4
