Full Test Bank – Porth’s
Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered
Health States, 11th Edition by Tommie
L. Norris
- Although growth hormone is initially elevated at the onset of stress, the prolonged presence of
cortisol leads to suppression of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and other
growth factors, exerting a chronically inhibitory effect on growth.
- Selye indicated that not all stress was detrimental; hence, he coined the terms eustress and
distress.
He suggested that mild, brief, and controllable periods of stress could be perceived as positive
stimuli to emotional and intellectual growth and development.
It is the severe, protracted, and uncontrolled situations of psychological and physical distress
that are disruptive of health.
For example, the joy of becoming a new parent and the sorrow of losing a parent are
completely different experiences, yet their stressor effect—the nonspecific demand for
adjustment to a new situation—can be similar.
(Hemodynamic Instability)
Evidence suggests that lactate serum level at admission can predict, which people in burn shock
are going to benefit from therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE).
,The person has a decrease in cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and
impaired perfusion of vital organs. Electrical injuries that cause burns can produce cardiac
arrhythmias that require immediate attention. -
(Hemodynamic Instability)
In a burn victim fluid is lost from?
Because of this what happens? - Fluid is lost from the vascular, interstitial, and cellular
compartments.
Because of a loss of vascular volume, people with major burns often present in the emergency
department in a form of hypovolemic shock known as burn shock.
A characteristic of cancer cells is the ability to proliferate even in the absence of - growth factors
A deficiency in calcium, iron, or zinc increases?
In children most lead is absorbed through? - lead absorption.
In children, most lead is absorbed through the lungs.
Although children may have the same or a lower intake of lead, the absorption in infants and
children is greater; thus, they are more vulnerable to lead toxicity.
A metastatic tumor will be advanced before - the primary tumor becomes clinically detectable
,Malignant tumors of the kidney, for example, may go completely undetected and be
asymptomatic until a metastatic lesion is found in the lung
A normal enzyme may be replaced with an - abnormal one, resulting in the formation of a
substance that cannot be used or eliminated from the cell, or an enzyme may be missing, so
that an intermediate product accumulates in the cell.
Abnormal accumulation occurs when the delivery of free fatty acids to the liver is - increased, as
in starvation and diabetes mellitus, or when the intrahepatic metabolism of lipids is disturbed,
as in alcoholism.
Acral lentiginous melanoma occurs on? - which accounts for 2% of melanomas, occurs primarily
on the palms, soles, nail beds, and mucous membranes.
It has the appearance of lentigo maligna
Adaptation implies that an individual has - successfully created a new balance between the
stressor and the ability to deal with it.
The means used to attain this balance are called coping strategies or coping mechanisms.
Adding the suffix -oma to the parenchymal tissue type from which the growth originated
Adenoma: benign tumor of glandular epithelial tissue
Adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor of glandular epithelial tissue
Carcinoma: malignant tumor of epithelial tissue
, Osteoma: benign tumor of bone tissue
Sarcoma: malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin
Papilloma's: benign microscopic or macroscopic finger-like projections growing on a surface -
ADH (anti-diuretic hormone/Vasopressin) - Increased water retention by kidneys,
vasoconstriction of blood vessels.
Although dysplasia is abnormal, it is - adaptive in that it is potentially reversible after the
irritating cause has been removed.
Although the site of hematologic spread usually is related to vascular drainage of the primary
tumor, some tumors metastasize to distant and unrelated sites. One explanation is that cells of
different tumors tend to metastasize to specific target organs that provide suitable micro-
environments containing substances such as cytokines or growth factors that are needed for
their survival. -
An oncogenic virus is one that can? - induce cancer.
It has been suspected for some time that viruses play an important role in the development of
certain forms of cancer, particularly leukemia and lymphoma.
Anaplasia - loss of cell differentiation in cancerous tissue.
Angiotensin II - Stimulate ADH
Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered
Health States, 11th Edition by Tommie
L. Norris
- Although growth hormone is initially elevated at the onset of stress, the prolonged presence of
cortisol leads to suppression of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and other
growth factors, exerting a chronically inhibitory effect on growth.
- Selye indicated that not all stress was detrimental; hence, he coined the terms eustress and
distress.
He suggested that mild, brief, and controllable periods of stress could be perceived as positive
stimuli to emotional and intellectual growth and development.
It is the severe, protracted, and uncontrolled situations of psychological and physical distress
that are disruptive of health.
For example, the joy of becoming a new parent and the sorrow of losing a parent are
completely different experiences, yet their stressor effect—the nonspecific demand for
adjustment to a new situation—can be similar.
(Hemodynamic Instability)
Evidence suggests that lactate serum level at admission can predict, which people in burn shock
are going to benefit from therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE).
,The person has a decrease in cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and
impaired perfusion of vital organs. Electrical injuries that cause burns can produce cardiac
arrhythmias that require immediate attention. -
(Hemodynamic Instability)
In a burn victim fluid is lost from?
Because of this what happens? - Fluid is lost from the vascular, interstitial, and cellular
compartments.
Because of a loss of vascular volume, people with major burns often present in the emergency
department in a form of hypovolemic shock known as burn shock.
A characteristic of cancer cells is the ability to proliferate even in the absence of - growth factors
A deficiency in calcium, iron, or zinc increases?
In children most lead is absorbed through? - lead absorption.
In children, most lead is absorbed through the lungs.
Although children may have the same or a lower intake of lead, the absorption in infants and
children is greater; thus, they are more vulnerable to lead toxicity.
A metastatic tumor will be advanced before - the primary tumor becomes clinically detectable
,Malignant tumors of the kidney, for example, may go completely undetected and be
asymptomatic until a metastatic lesion is found in the lung
A normal enzyme may be replaced with an - abnormal one, resulting in the formation of a
substance that cannot be used or eliminated from the cell, or an enzyme may be missing, so
that an intermediate product accumulates in the cell.
Abnormal accumulation occurs when the delivery of free fatty acids to the liver is - increased, as
in starvation and diabetes mellitus, or when the intrahepatic metabolism of lipids is disturbed,
as in alcoholism.
Acral lentiginous melanoma occurs on? - which accounts for 2% of melanomas, occurs primarily
on the palms, soles, nail beds, and mucous membranes.
It has the appearance of lentigo maligna
Adaptation implies that an individual has - successfully created a new balance between the
stressor and the ability to deal with it.
The means used to attain this balance are called coping strategies or coping mechanisms.
Adding the suffix -oma to the parenchymal tissue type from which the growth originated
Adenoma: benign tumor of glandular epithelial tissue
Adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor of glandular epithelial tissue
Carcinoma: malignant tumor of epithelial tissue
, Osteoma: benign tumor of bone tissue
Sarcoma: malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin
Papilloma's: benign microscopic or macroscopic finger-like projections growing on a surface -
ADH (anti-diuretic hormone/Vasopressin) - Increased water retention by kidneys,
vasoconstriction of blood vessels.
Although dysplasia is abnormal, it is - adaptive in that it is potentially reversible after the
irritating cause has been removed.
Although the site of hematologic spread usually is related to vascular drainage of the primary
tumor, some tumors metastasize to distant and unrelated sites. One explanation is that cells of
different tumors tend to metastasize to specific target organs that provide suitable micro-
environments containing substances such as cytokines or growth factors that are needed for
their survival. -
An oncogenic virus is one that can? - induce cancer.
It has been suspected for some time that viruses play an important role in the development of
certain forms of cancer, particularly leukemia and lymphoma.
Anaplasia - loss of cell differentiation in cancerous tissue.
Angiotensin II - Stimulate ADH
