Cambridge IGCSE/O-Level Economics (0455) – Chapter 5: Economic Development | Handwritten Notes
Comprehensive handwritten notes covering the full "Economic Development" unit for Cambridge IGCSE/O-Level Economics (0455). Clearly organized with headings, comparison tables, and diagrams — ideal for quick revision or first-time learning. Topics covered: Defining economic development; characteristics of developed vs developing/less-developed economies Causes of differences in development: industrial structure, healthcare & education, factor productivity, population growth, savings & investment, incomes The "trapped in low development" cycle (diagram) Indicators of living standards: GDP, GDP per capita, real GDP per capita Problems with using GDP/real GDP per capita as a measure Human Development Index (HDI): components and purpose Absolute vs relative poverty, indicators of poverty Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) Causes of poverty Policies to alleviate poverty and redistribute income (growth, education, employment measures, progressive taxes, welfare, minimum wage) International measures to reduce poverty: food/technological/financial aid, debt relief (HIPC), and why aid is sometimes wasted Population: birth rate, death rate, net migration, Malthusian theory Reasons for differences in birth and death rates Dependency ratio and dependent population, reasons for rising dependency Overpopulation, underpopulation, and optimum population Population structure: age, sex, geographical, and occupational distribution Perfect for exam prep, essay planning, or filling gaps in your own notes. Diagrams and comparison tables are hand-drawn and clearly labelled.
Document information
- School year
- 4
- Uploaded on
- July 13, 2026
- Number of pages
- 14
- Written in
- 2024/2025
- Type
- Class notes
- Professor(s)
- Sir michael
- Contains
- All classes
