MSN 570 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED
ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+ 2026
Save
Terms in this set (112)
Nephrotic syndrome characterized by massive proteinuria caused by
glomerular damage. corticosteroids are the
mainstay; Associated with glomerulonephritis and
with an immune response that is noninflammatory.
Glomerular Injury: Diffuse and Lesions that involve all or most (> 50%) of the
Focal glomeruli (plural) are termed diffuse, and lesions
that involve some (< 50%) of the glomeruli are
termed focal (e.g., focal segmental
glomerulonephritis).
Glomerular injury: Global and When a whole glomerulus (singular) is affected,
Segmental the lesion is termed global, and the lesion is
considered segmental if only a portion (< 50%) of
the glomerulus is affected.
,Glomerulonephritis An inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli, and
most forms occur as a result of activation of
immune mechanisms.
Nephritic syndrome Associated with glomerulonephritis and an
immune response that is inflammatory. A key
feature is the passage of leukocytes, red blood
cells, and plasma proteins which occur as a result
of inflammation.
1.) LIMITED proteinuria 2.) Oliguria and Azotemia
3.) Salt retention -- periorbital edema and
hypertension(salt/fluid retention) 4.) RBC casts
and dysmorphic RBCs in urine-- Immune
Complex deposition activated Complement; C5a
attracts neutrophils which mediate the damage
Proliferative structural (histologic) refers to an increase in glomerular cells (e.g.,
descriptor mesangial, endothelial, basement membrane). In
the extra capillary space, this forms specific
lesions that are termed crescents, which are
made of macrophages, fibroblasts, and other
cells. These crescent cells accumulate in the
Bowman space and represent a rupture of the
capsule.
sclerosing structural (histologic) refers to glomerular scar formation, and when the
descriptor scarring is between the glomerulus and tubules,
it is referred to as interstitial fibrosis.
necrotizing structural (histologic) refers to cellular death.
descriptor
, Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) A common, nonmalignant enlargement of the
Also called benign prostatic prostate gland that occurs as men age, usually
hypertrophy appearing by age 50.
Bladder cancer cancerous tumor that arises from the cells lining
the bladder; major sign is hematuria
Diagnostic procedures for History
hydronephrosis physical examination
urinalysis
renal ultrasound
CT
intravenous pyelogram
MRI.
Hydronephrosis An abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the
calyces of one or both kidneys that occurs
secondary to a disease.
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called
cysts develop in the kidneys
Renal cell carcinoma cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule
cells; most frequently occurring kidney cancer in
adults (most common in those 50-70 years of
age).
FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED
ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+ 2026
Save
Terms in this set (112)
Nephrotic syndrome characterized by massive proteinuria caused by
glomerular damage. corticosteroids are the
mainstay; Associated with glomerulonephritis and
with an immune response that is noninflammatory.
Glomerular Injury: Diffuse and Lesions that involve all or most (> 50%) of the
Focal glomeruli (plural) are termed diffuse, and lesions
that involve some (< 50%) of the glomeruli are
termed focal (e.g., focal segmental
glomerulonephritis).
Glomerular injury: Global and When a whole glomerulus (singular) is affected,
Segmental the lesion is termed global, and the lesion is
considered segmental if only a portion (< 50%) of
the glomerulus is affected.
,Glomerulonephritis An inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli, and
most forms occur as a result of activation of
immune mechanisms.
Nephritic syndrome Associated with glomerulonephritis and an
immune response that is inflammatory. A key
feature is the passage of leukocytes, red blood
cells, and plasma proteins which occur as a result
of inflammation.
1.) LIMITED proteinuria 2.) Oliguria and Azotemia
3.) Salt retention -- periorbital edema and
hypertension(salt/fluid retention) 4.) RBC casts
and dysmorphic RBCs in urine-- Immune
Complex deposition activated Complement; C5a
attracts neutrophils which mediate the damage
Proliferative structural (histologic) refers to an increase in glomerular cells (e.g.,
descriptor mesangial, endothelial, basement membrane). In
the extra capillary space, this forms specific
lesions that are termed crescents, which are
made of macrophages, fibroblasts, and other
cells. These crescent cells accumulate in the
Bowman space and represent a rupture of the
capsule.
sclerosing structural (histologic) refers to glomerular scar formation, and when the
descriptor scarring is between the glomerulus and tubules,
it is referred to as interstitial fibrosis.
necrotizing structural (histologic) refers to cellular death.
descriptor
, Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) A common, nonmalignant enlargement of the
Also called benign prostatic prostate gland that occurs as men age, usually
hypertrophy appearing by age 50.
Bladder cancer cancerous tumor that arises from the cells lining
the bladder; major sign is hematuria
Diagnostic procedures for History
hydronephrosis physical examination
urinalysis
renal ultrasound
CT
intravenous pyelogram
MRI.
Hydronephrosis An abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the
calyces of one or both kidneys that occurs
secondary to a disease.
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called
cysts develop in the kidneys
Renal cell carcinoma cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule
cells; most frequently occurring kidney cancer in
adults (most common in those 50-70 years of
age).
