Cmn 572 final exam |2025 update comprehensive frequently tested questions and verified
answers with rationales|100% accurate answers | already graded a+
most frequently reported infectious disease in US - -chlamydia
--transmission of chlamydia - -sexual, vertical
incubation - 7-21 days
C. trachomatis
--risk factors for chlamydia - -adolescence
new/multiple partners
hx of STD
presence of STD
OC user
no barrier contraception
--first line treatment for chlamydia - uncomplicated, >8yo - -azithromycin 1g PO x 1 OR doxy
BID x 7 days
--first line treatment for chlamydia - pregnant patients - -azithromycin PO x 1
--first line treatment for chlamydia - neonatal conjunctivitis/pneumonia, children <45kg - -
erythromycin base or ethylsuccinate 4 doses x 14 days
--first line treatment for chlamydia - children >45kg AND <8yo - -azithromycin 1g PO x 1
--first line treatment for chlamydia - LGV - -doxy BID x 21 days
--labs tests for chlamydia - -culture - vaginal/penis, gold standard
NAAT - urine, co-testing for GC
serology
--need for test for cure with chlamydia in non-pregnant patients? - -not necessary unless
questionable compliance or re-infection suspected; screen at next healthcare visit
--need for test for cure with chlamydia in adolescents? - -retest 3-4 months after treatment
--need for test for cure with chlamydia in pregnant patients? - -repeat NAAT 3 weeks after
therapy, then again in 3 months
--screening for chlamydia reduces risk for? - -PID-NAAT
--screening guidelines for chlamydia - -sexually active, <25yo - annual
sexually active, >25yo - if RF present
pregnancy - first prenatal visit; if 25yo with increased risk, screen again at third trimester
--is chlamydia reportable? - -yes, in all states
,--partner treatment - chlamydia - -evaluate/tx all partners within 60 days preceding
diagnosis
evaluate/tx most recent partner, even if last sexual contact >60 days
--patient education - chlamydia - -no sex until partner is treated
abstain from sex until 7 days post treatment
use latex condoms
--signs and symptoms - chlamydia - -may be asymptomatic
mucopurulent endocervical discharge, dysuria
conjunctivitis, urethritis, proctitis, cervicitis
--signs/symptoms of chlamydia in infants - -conjunctivitis, pneumonitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis
--complications of chlamydia - -PID, salpingitis, endometritis, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
--transmission of gonorrhea - -sexual/vertical
N. gonorrhoeae
--risk factors - gonorrhea - -new/multiple partners
no condoms
adolescents
drug use
low socio-economic class
prostitution
African Americans
--first line treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea - -ceftriaxone IM x 1 PLUS azithromycin 1g
PO x 1
--first line treatment of gonorrhea - pregnant patients - -ceftriaxone IM x 1 PLUS
azithromycin 1g PO x 1
--first line treatment of gonorrhea - pencillin allergy (severe rx - anaphylaxis, SJS) - -refer to
ID
gemifloxacin PO PLUS azithromycin PO x 1
OR gentamycin IM x 1 PLUS azithromycin PO x 1
--tests for gonorrhea - -culture - urethral for men, cervical for women
must do culture if sexual abuse suspected
NAAT - urine
gram stain - highly specific/sensitive
--test for cure for gonorrhea needed for non-pregnant patients? - -not recommended if
regimen is administered
, --test for cure for gonorrhea - persistent s/s - -repeat culture to test for antimicrobial
susceptibility
--when to retest for gonorrhea - -in 3 months, if risk of reinfection
--screening guidelines for gonorrhea - -pregnancy - first prenatal visit; if increased risk,
screen again at third trimester
at-risk MWM - at least annual, rectal/pharyngeal GC
sexually active women - all who are at risk
--is gonorrhea reportable? - -yes, in all states
--partner treatment - gonorrhea - -evaluate/tx all partners within 60 days preceding
diagnosis
evaluate/tx most recent partner even if last sexual contact >60 days
--patient education - gonorrhea - -no sex until partner treated
abstain until 7 days post treatment
HIV transmission - higher risk
--s/s gonorrhea - -males - symptomatic, females - asymptomatic
purulent discharge, inflammation of cervix/uterus
anorectal infection, conjunctivitis, DGI, pharyngeal infection
men -urethritis, epididymitis, unilateral testicular pain
women - cervicitis, vaginal d/c, intermenstrual bleeding, dysuria, lower AP, dyspareunia,
easily induced cervical bleeding
--complications of gonorrhea - -PID - infertility, accessory gland infection, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis
syndrome
--syphilis - -chronic infection, progresses in stages
--most contagious stages of syphilis - -primary, secondary
--timing of primary syphilis - -heals in 3-6 weeks spontaneously
serologic tests sometimes negative
--features of primary syphilis - -chancre - painless, indurated, clean base at inoculation site
highly infectious
regional lymphadenopathy - rubbery, painless, bilateral
--timing of secondary syphilis - -4-8 weeks after appearance of primary chancre
persists weeks-months
serologic tests - highest titers
--features of secondary syphilis - -mucocutaneous lesions most common
rash, lymphadenopathy, condyloma lata, mucous patches, alopecia
answers with rationales|100% accurate answers | already graded a+
most frequently reported infectious disease in US - -chlamydia
--transmission of chlamydia - -sexual, vertical
incubation - 7-21 days
C. trachomatis
--risk factors for chlamydia - -adolescence
new/multiple partners
hx of STD
presence of STD
OC user
no barrier contraception
--first line treatment for chlamydia - uncomplicated, >8yo - -azithromycin 1g PO x 1 OR doxy
BID x 7 days
--first line treatment for chlamydia - pregnant patients - -azithromycin PO x 1
--first line treatment for chlamydia - neonatal conjunctivitis/pneumonia, children <45kg - -
erythromycin base or ethylsuccinate 4 doses x 14 days
--first line treatment for chlamydia - children >45kg AND <8yo - -azithromycin 1g PO x 1
--first line treatment for chlamydia - LGV - -doxy BID x 21 days
--labs tests for chlamydia - -culture - vaginal/penis, gold standard
NAAT - urine, co-testing for GC
serology
--need for test for cure with chlamydia in non-pregnant patients? - -not necessary unless
questionable compliance or re-infection suspected; screen at next healthcare visit
--need for test for cure with chlamydia in adolescents? - -retest 3-4 months after treatment
--need for test for cure with chlamydia in pregnant patients? - -repeat NAAT 3 weeks after
therapy, then again in 3 months
--screening for chlamydia reduces risk for? - -PID-NAAT
--screening guidelines for chlamydia - -sexually active, <25yo - annual
sexually active, >25yo - if RF present
pregnancy - first prenatal visit; if 25yo with increased risk, screen again at third trimester
--is chlamydia reportable? - -yes, in all states
,--partner treatment - chlamydia - -evaluate/tx all partners within 60 days preceding
diagnosis
evaluate/tx most recent partner, even if last sexual contact >60 days
--patient education - chlamydia - -no sex until partner is treated
abstain from sex until 7 days post treatment
use latex condoms
--signs and symptoms - chlamydia - -may be asymptomatic
mucopurulent endocervical discharge, dysuria
conjunctivitis, urethritis, proctitis, cervicitis
--signs/symptoms of chlamydia in infants - -conjunctivitis, pneumonitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis
--complications of chlamydia - -PID, salpingitis, endometritis, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
--transmission of gonorrhea - -sexual/vertical
N. gonorrhoeae
--risk factors - gonorrhea - -new/multiple partners
no condoms
adolescents
drug use
low socio-economic class
prostitution
African Americans
--first line treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea - -ceftriaxone IM x 1 PLUS azithromycin 1g
PO x 1
--first line treatment of gonorrhea - pregnant patients - -ceftriaxone IM x 1 PLUS
azithromycin 1g PO x 1
--first line treatment of gonorrhea - pencillin allergy (severe rx - anaphylaxis, SJS) - -refer to
ID
gemifloxacin PO PLUS azithromycin PO x 1
OR gentamycin IM x 1 PLUS azithromycin PO x 1
--tests for gonorrhea - -culture - urethral for men, cervical for women
must do culture if sexual abuse suspected
NAAT - urine
gram stain - highly specific/sensitive
--test for cure for gonorrhea needed for non-pregnant patients? - -not recommended if
regimen is administered
, --test for cure for gonorrhea - persistent s/s - -repeat culture to test for antimicrobial
susceptibility
--when to retest for gonorrhea - -in 3 months, if risk of reinfection
--screening guidelines for gonorrhea - -pregnancy - first prenatal visit; if increased risk,
screen again at third trimester
at-risk MWM - at least annual, rectal/pharyngeal GC
sexually active women - all who are at risk
--is gonorrhea reportable? - -yes, in all states
--partner treatment - gonorrhea - -evaluate/tx all partners within 60 days preceding
diagnosis
evaluate/tx most recent partner even if last sexual contact >60 days
--patient education - gonorrhea - -no sex until partner treated
abstain until 7 days post treatment
HIV transmission - higher risk
--s/s gonorrhea - -males - symptomatic, females - asymptomatic
purulent discharge, inflammation of cervix/uterus
anorectal infection, conjunctivitis, DGI, pharyngeal infection
men -urethritis, epididymitis, unilateral testicular pain
women - cervicitis, vaginal d/c, intermenstrual bleeding, dysuria, lower AP, dyspareunia,
easily induced cervical bleeding
--complications of gonorrhea - -PID - infertility, accessory gland infection, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis
syndrome
--syphilis - -chronic infection, progresses in stages
--most contagious stages of syphilis - -primary, secondary
--timing of primary syphilis - -heals in 3-6 weeks spontaneously
serologic tests sometimes negative
--features of primary syphilis - -chancre - painless, indurated, clean base at inoculation site
highly infectious
regional lymphadenopathy - rubbery, painless, bilateral
--timing of secondary syphilis - -4-8 weeks after appearance of primary chancre
persists weeks-months
serologic tests - highest titers
--features of secondary syphilis - -mucocutaneous lesions most common
rash, lymphadenopathy, condyloma lata, mucous patches, alopecia
