BIO 311 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027 |
COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW
What has no association with the peptidoglycan? - correct answer ✔✔Phospholipid
Whose proposal of the endosymbiotic theory of mitochondrial and chloroplast origin was
ultimately accepted by the greater scientific method? - correct answer ✔✔lynn margulis
When did Pasteur published his work on the "spontaneous generation?" - correct answer
✔✔during American civil war
There are ~1,400 known human pathogens. These account for ____ of the known microbial
species. - correct answer ✔✔<1%
Which scientist proposed adding a kingdom for protists? - correct answer ✔✔Ernst Haeckel
To develop sterilization procedures, Lister proposed to use - correct answer ✔✔Phenol
"No scientist is an island" means that Science is - correct answer ✔✔Cumulative and
collaborative
Bacterial cells walls are primarily composed of which of the following? - correct answer
✔✔peptidoglycan
In the absence of Energy, transfer of solute across a plasma membrane goes - correct answer
✔✔From higher to lower concentration
,Which of the following terms refers to a prokaryotic cell that is comma shaped? - correct answer
✔✔vibrio
Which of following individuals is credited for definitively refuting the theory of spontaneous
generation using broth in swan-neck flask? - correct answer ✔✔Louis Pasteur
Fundamentally speaking, what is not a key attribute of living systems? - correct answer ✔✔A
DNA based genetic information
Which of these microbes is an infamous pathogen producing the most potent toxin of Earth (i.e.
few grams of the toxin would be enough to kill every human in California)? - correct answer
✔✔Clostridium Botulinum
What does Cyanobacteria produce? - correct answer ✔✔oxygen
Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is an example of which group of organisms
- correct answer ✔✔spirochetes
Which of the following describes Proteobacteria in domain Bacteria? - correct answer
✔✔phylum
The figure below, is a simple depiction of ___? - correct answer ✔✔Photosynthesis
Fossil fuel is "____" - correct answer ✔✔buried sunlight
Which genus contains the nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in legume nodules? - correct answer
✔✔rhizobium
How does archaea differ from bacteria? - correct answer ✔✔ether linkage
,Which of the following is not a class within the phylum Proteobacteria? - correct answer
✔✔Omegaproteobacteria
The human microbiome consists of which of the following - correct answer ✔✔All microbes
(transient, resident)
Which term best describes the relationship between pathogenic bacteria and humans? - correct
answer ✔✔parasitism
Evolution is best studies using the tool of ___? - correct answer ✔✔phylogeny
What is the total genetic size (aka, gene pool) of the Prochlorococcus federation? - correct
answer ✔✔80,000
Approximately what percentage of prokaryotes are thought to be pathogens? - correct answer
✔✔<1%
Which of the following is grouped into Deeply Branching Bacteria? (Select all that apply) -
correct answer ✔✔Acetothermus , Aquifex
Which of the following cannot be accurately identified as Gram (+) or Gram (-) using Gram
staining? (select all that apply) - correct answer ✔✔Mycobacterium, Mycoplasma, spirochetes
Which of the following best describes catabolic pathways? - correct answer ✔✔They break
down large molecules into smaller components.
Which of the following are inorganic molecules that bind to enzymes? - correct answer
✔✔cofactors
, The process of sanitization by boiling is called - correct answer ✔✔pasteurization
In the process below, the orange square acts like a ____________ on enzyme one! (pay
attention to the details) - correct answer ✔✔non-competitive inhibitor
The Ethanol in the beer is - correct answer ✔✔derived from the yeast metabolism
Which of the following products is made during EMP glycolysis? - correct answer ✔✔pyruvate
EMP Glycolysis produces a net gain of which of the following? - correct answer ✔✔two ATP, two
NADH, and two pyruvates
Which of the following is an inhibitor that binds to the active site of an enzyme? - correct
answer ✔✔a competitive inhibitor
Which molecule is often called the cell's energy currency? - correct answer ✔✔adenosine
triphosphate
Which is a common electron acceptor in catabolic reactions? - correct answer ✔✔NAD+
Enzymes work by which of the following? - correct answer ✔✔reducing the activation energy
Which of the following refers to the term metabolism? - correct answer ✔✔all the reactions in a
cell or organism
Which of the following describes a molecule that had an electron removed? - correct answer
✔✔oxidized
COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW
What has no association with the peptidoglycan? - correct answer ✔✔Phospholipid
Whose proposal of the endosymbiotic theory of mitochondrial and chloroplast origin was
ultimately accepted by the greater scientific method? - correct answer ✔✔lynn margulis
When did Pasteur published his work on the "spontaneous generation?" - correct answer
✔✔during American civil war
There are ~1,400 known human pathogens. These account for ____ of the known microbial
species. - correct answer ✔✔<1%
Which scientist proposed adding a kingdom for protists? - correct answer ✔✔Ernst Haeckel
To develop sterilization procedures, Lister proposed to use - correct answer ✔✔Phenol
"No scientist is an island" means that Science is - correct answer ✔✔Cumulative and
collaborative
Bacterial cells walls are primarily composed of which of the following? - correct answer
✔✔peptidoglycan
In the absence of Energy, transfer of solute across a plasma membrane goes - correct answer
✔✔From higher to lower concentration
,Which of the following terms refers to a prokaryotic cell that is comma shaped? - correct answer
✔✔vibrio
Which of following individuals is credited for definitively refuting the theory of spontaneous
generation using broth in swan-neck flask? - correct answer ✔✔Louis Pasteur
Fundamentally speaking, what is not a key attribute of living systems? - correct answer ✔✔A
DNA based genetic information
Which of these microbes is an infamous pathogen producing the most potent toxin of Earth (i.e.
few grams of the toxin would be enough to kill every human in California)? - correct answer
✔✔Clostridium Botulinum
What does Cyanobacteria produce? - correct answer ✔✔oxygen
Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is an example of which group of organisms
- correct answer ✔✔spirochetes
Which of the following describes Proteobacteria in domain Bacteria? - correct answer
✔✔phylum
The figure below, is a simple depiction of ___? - correct answer ✔✔Photosynthesis
Fossil fuel is "____" - correct answer ✔✔buried sunlight
Which genus contains the nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in legume nodules? - correct answer
✔✔rhizobium
How does archaea differ from bacteria? - correct answer ✔✔ether linkage
,Which of the following is not a class within the phylum Proteobacteria? - correct answer
✔✔Omegaproteobacteria
The human microbiome consists of which of the following - correct answer ✔✔All microbes
(transient, resident)
Which term best describes the relationship between pathogenic bacteria and humans? - correct
answer ✔✔parasitism
Evolution is best studies using the tool of ___? - correct answer ✔✔phylogeny
What is the total genetic size (aka, gene pool) of the Prochlorococcus federation? - correct
answer ✔✔80,000
Approximately what percentage of prokaryotes are thought to be pathogens? - correct answer
✔✔<1%
Which of the following is grouped into Deeply Branching Bacteria? (Select all that apply) -
correct answer ✔✔Acetothermus , Aquifex
Which of the following cannot be accurately identified as Gram (+) or Gram (-) using Gram
staining? (select all that apply) - correct answer ✔✔Mycobacterium, Mycoplasma, spirochetes
Which of the following best describes catabolic pathways? - correct answer ✔✔They break
down large molecules into smaller components.
Which of the following are inorganic molecules that bind to enzymes? - correct answer
✔✔cofactors
, The process of sanitization by boiling is called - correct answer ✔✔pasteurization
In the process below, the orange square acts like a ____________ on enzyme one! (pay
attention to the details) - correct answer ✔✔non-competitive inhibitor
The Ethanol in the beer is - correct answer ✔✔derived from the yeast metabolism
Which of the following products is made during EMP glycolysis? - correct answer ✔✔pyruvate
EMP Glycolysis produces a net gain of which of the following? - correct answer ✔✔two ATP, two
NADH, and two pyruvates
Which of the following is an inhibitor that binds to the active site of an enzyme? - correct
answer ✔✔a competitive inhibitor
Which molecule is often called the cell's energy currency? - correct answer ✔✔adenosine
triphosphate
Which is a common electron acceptor in catabolic reactions? - correct answer ✔✔NAD+
Enzymes work by which of the following? - correct answer ✔✔reducing the activation energy
Which of the following refers to the term metabolism? - correct answer ✔✔all the reactions in a
cell or organism
Which of the following describes a molecule that had an electron removed? - correct answer
✔✔oxidized
