BIO 311 MIDTERM 2 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026/2027 | COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE & EXAM REVIEW
Deficiency of fatty Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase may lead to: infant sudden death, malabsorption of
essential fatty acids, infant diabetes, stearate diarrhea, vitamin D insufficiency - ANS ✔✔infant
sudden death
General effects of glucagon on skeletal muscle include: glycolysis increases, glycated myoglobin
increases, glycogen breakdown increases, glycogen synthesis is stimulated, glycogen synthase
activity increases - ANS ✔✔glycogen breakdown increases
About AMPK, which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?
It synergizes with insulin, and represses the expression of PEPCK in hepatocyte
Exercise may activate its activity in myocytes (muscle cells)
It is a protein kinase activated by increased level of AMP in cells
It is an intracellular energy sensor regulating the energy metabolism at the cellular level
It is a molecule binds and synergizes with insulin to promote glycolysis in multiple tissues - ANS
✔✔It is a molecule binds and synergizes with insulin to promote glycolysis in multiple tissues
For catabolism of the amino acids with hydroxyl groups, the amino groups are usually removed
by:
hydrolysis to remove alpha-amino group
,transamination to remove alpha-amino group
oxidative deamination
decarboxylation initiated deamination
dehydration initiated deamination - ANS ✔✔dehydration initiated deamination
Generally, the effects of epinephrine (adrenaline) on hepatocytes may include:
inhibiting glucogenolysis
inhibiting glycolysis
stimulating glycogen synthesis
enhancing glycogen synthase activity
inhibiting glycogen breakdown - ANS ✔✔inhibiting glycolysis
Which process is NOT considered a general function of the pentose phosphate pathway
the production of pentoses necessary for nucleotide synthesis
the transfer of electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production
, the production of NADPH for reductive biosynthesis in adipose cells
the production of NADPH to help prevent oxidative stress in erythrocytes
the production of pentose phosphate for biosynthesis of some cofactors - ANS ✔✔the transfer
of electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production
Fructose 2, 6-biphosphate is:
an intermediate product of glycolysis which promote the release of O2
an intermediate metabolite in fatty acid synthesis
a waste byproduct of the glycolytic pathway
an intermediate product of catabolism of fructose to generate ATP
a regulatory molecule that allosterically stimulates PFK1 activity and the glycolytic pathway -
ANS ✔✔a regulatory molecule that allosterically stimulates PFK1 activity and the glycolytic
pathway
For fatty acid biosynthesis, each round contains four reactions. Which of the following
accurately describes the four reactions in the correct order:
condensation-reduction-hydration-reduction
GUIDE & EXAM REVIEW
Deficiency of fatty Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase may lead to: infant sudden death, malabsorption of
essential fatty acids, infant diabetes, stearate diarrhea, vitamin D insufficiency - ANS ✔✔infant
sudden death
General effects of glucagon on skeletal muscle include: glycolysis increases, glycated myoglobin
increases, glycogen breakdown increases, glycogen synthesis is stimulated, glycogen synthase
activity increases - ANS ✔✔glycogen breakdown increases
About AMPK, which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?
It synergizes with insulin, and represses the expression of PEPCK in hepatocyte
Exercise may activate its activity in myocytes (muscle cells)
It is a protein kinase activated by increased level of AMP in cells
It is an intracellular energy sensor regulating the energy metabolism at the cellular level
It is a molecule binds and synergizes with insulin to promote glycolysis in multiple tissues - ANS
✔✔It is a molecule binds and synergizes with insulin to promote glycolysis in multiple tissues
For catabolism of the amino acids with hydroxyl groups, the amino groups are usually removed
by:
hydrolysis to remove alpha-amino group
,transamination to remove alpha-amino group
oxidative deamination
decarboxylation initiated deamination
dehydration initiated deamination - ANS ✔✔dehydration initiated deamination
Generally, the effects of epinephrine (adrenaline) on hepatocytes may include:
inhibiting glucogenolysis
inhibiting glycolysis
stimulating glycogen synthesis
enhancing glycogen synthase activity
inhibiting glycogen breakdown - ANS ✔✔inhibiting glycolysis
Which process is NOT considered a general function of the pentose phosphate pathway
the production of pentoses necessary for nucleotide synthesis
the transfer of electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production
, the production of NADPH for reductive biosynthesis in adipose cells
the production of NADPH to help prevent oxidative stress in erythrocytes
the production of pentose phosphate for biosynthesis of some cofactors - ANS ✔✔the transfer
of electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production
Fructose 2, 6-biphosphate is:
an intermediate product of glycolysis which promote the release of O2
an intermediate metabolite in fatty acid synthesis
a waste byproduct of the glycolytic pathway
an intermediate product of catabolism of fructose to generate ATP
a regulatory molecule that allosterically stimulates PFK1 activity and the glycolytic pathway -
ANS ✔✔a regulatory molecule that allosterically stimulates PFK1 activity and the glycolytic
pathway
For fatty acid biosynthesis, each round contains four reactions. Which of the following
accurately describes the four reactions in the correct order:
condensation-reduction-hydration-reduction
