BIO 311 LAB FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | BIOLOGY LAB FINAL
EXAM PREP & STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
Stages of Interphase - correct answer ✔✔G1 (cell grows), S (DNA duplicates), G2 (cell prepares
for mitosis)
Stages of Mitosis - correct answer ✔✔Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase
Goals of mitosis - correct answer ✔✔Produce two genetically identical daughter cells
Goals of meiosis - correct answer ✔✔Produce four genetically variable daughter cells
Homologous chromosomes - correct answer ✔✔Chromosomes that are similar in length,
centromere position, and gene content
Gene - correct answer ✔✔A sequence of DNA nucleotides. The basic unit of heredity
Gene vs. Allele - correct answer ✔✔Genes encode for a characteristic (eye color). Allele
encodes for a trait (blue or brown eyes)
Phenotype - correct answer ✔✔Description of the appearance of the organism
Genotype - correct answer ✔✔The specific versions of the genes present in an individual
Trait - correct answer ✔✔Any aspect of an organism that cannot be subdivided, such as the
texture of a seed
, Mutant vs. wild type alleles - correct answer ✔✔Mutant is rare in the population, wild-type is
very common
Dominant vs. recessive alleles - correct answer ✔✔Dominance completely masks the other
allele, recessive is masked by the other allele
Gene notation - correct answer ✔✔Select a gene symbol from 1-2 letters of the mutant allele
Assign alleles: complete dominance - correct answer ✔✔Dominant allele is uppercase, recessive
allele is lowercase
Assign alleles: co-dominance - correct answer ✔✔Choose a base symbol, then use superscripts
for both alleles (I^A for blood type A)
Assign alleles: X linked - correct answer ✔✔Use X and Y as base symbols, then add alleles as
superscripts
Gene notation in Drosophila - correct answer ✔✔Wild type alleles have superscript +. If the
mutant is dominant, it is capitalized
Drosophila gestation - correct answer ✔✔It takes at least 11 days for flies to emerge after
parental flies begin mating
X linked traits in Drosophila - correct answer ✔✔Body color, bristle shape, vein pattern
A-priori chi square test - correct answer ✔✔Do our observations conform to an expected
standard?
EXAM PREP & STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
Stages of Interphase - correct answer ✔✔G1 (cell grows), S (DNA duplicates), G2 (cell prepares
for mitosis)
Stages of Mitosis - correct answer ✔✔Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase
Goals of mitosis - correct answer ✔✔Produce two genetically identical daughter cells
Goals of meiosis - correct answer ✔✔Produce four genetically variable daughter cells
Homologous chromosomes - correct answer ✔✔Chromosomes that are similar in length,
centromere position, and gene content
Gene - correct answer ✔✔A sequence of DNA nucleotides. The basic unit of heredity
Gene vs. Allele - correct answer ✔✔Genes encode for a characteristic (eye color). Allele
encodes for a trait (blue or brown eyes)
Phenotype - correct answer ✔✔Description of the appearance of the organism
Genotype - correct answer ✔✔The specific versions of the genes present in an individual
Trait - correct answer ✔✔Any aspect of an organism that cannot be subdivided, such as the
texture of a seed
, Mutant vs. wild type alleles - correct answer ✔✔Mutant is rare in the population, wild-type is
very common
Dominant vs. recessive alleles - correct answer ✔✔Dominance completely masks the other
allele, recessive is masked by the other allele
Gene notation - correct answer ✔✔Select a gene symbol from 1-2 letters of the mutant allele
Assign alleles: complete dominance - correct answer ✔✔Dominant allele is uppercase, recessive
allele is lowercase
Assign alleles: co-dominance - correct answer ✔✔Choose a base symbol, then use superscripts
for both alleles (I^A for blood type A)
Assign alleles: X linked - correct answer ✔✔Use X and Y as base symbols, then add alleles as
superscripts
Gene notation in Drosophila - correct answer ✔✔Wild type alleles have superscript +. If the
mutant is dominant, it is capitalized
Drosophila gestation - correct answer ✔✔It takes at least 11 days for flies to emerge after
parental flies begin mating
X linked traits in Drosophila - correct answer ✔✔Body color, bristle shape, vein pattern
A-priori chi square test - correct answer ✔✔Do our observations conform to an expected
standard?
