BIO 311 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | BIOLOGY EXAM PREP & STUDY
GUIDE 2026/2027
transcription direction - ANS ✔✔3'-5'
inverted repeats - ANS ✔✔makes hairpin shape RNA with series of uracils at end (U and A
causes instability, which breaks off RNA)
Shine-Dalgarno sequence - ANS ✔✔a sequence in bacterial mRNAs that functions as a
ribosomal binding site
RNA polymerase I - ANS ✔✔All eukaryotes. Transcribes large rRNAs
RNA Polymerase II - ANS ✔✔pre-mRNA, some snRNAs, snoRNAs, some miRNAs
RNA Polymerase III - ANS ✔✔tRNAs, small rRNAs, some snRNAs, some miRNAs
Ribsomal RNA (rRNA) - ANS ✔✔cytoplasm, structural and functional components of ribosome
Messenger RNA (mRNA) - ANS ✔✔Carries genetic code for proteins
Transfer RNA (tRNA) - ANS ✔✔helps incorporate amino acids into polypeptide chain
pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) - ANS ✔✔precursor mRNA
small nuclear RNA (snRNA) - ANS ✔✔processing of pre-mRNA
GUIDE 2026/2027
transcription direction - ANS ✔✔3'-5'
inverted repeats - ANS ✔✔makes hairpin shape RNA with series of uracils at end (U and A
causes instability, which breaks off RNA)
Shine-Dalgarno sequence - ANS ✔✔a sequence in bacterial mRNAs that functions as a
ribosomal binding site
RNA polymerase I - ANS ✔✔All eukaryotes. Transcribes large rRNAs
RNA Polymerase II - ANS ✔✔pre-mRNA, some snRNAs, snoRNAs, some miRNAs
RNA Polymerase III - ANS ✔✔tRNAs, small rRNAs, some snRNAs, some miRNAs
Ribsomal RNA (rRNA) - ANS ✔✔cytoplasm, structural and functional components of ribosome
Messenger RNA (mRNA) - ANS ✔✔Carries genetic code for proteins
Transfer RNA (tRNA) - ANS ✔✔helps incorporate amino acids into polypeptide chain
pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) - ANS ✔✔precursor mRNA
small nuclear RNA (snRNA) - ANS ✔✔processing of pre-mRNA