BIOL 1322 Nutrition Exam 4
Questions With Complete
Solutions
SECTION 1: SPORTS & FITNESS NUTRITION (CH. 14)
Question #1
Define physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness.
Correct Answer:
• Physical Activity: Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy
expenditure. Benefits include improved cardiovascular health, weight management, reduced
chronic disease risk, and enhanced mental health .
• Physical Fitness: The ability to perform moderate to vigorous activity without undue
fatigue .
• Exercise: Physical activities that are planned, repetitive, and intended to improve physical
fitness .
Rationale:
Physical activity is the umbrella term; exercise is a specific, structured subset. Fitness is the
outcome of regular exercise. Understanding these distinctions is fundamental to prescribing
exercise for health .
Question #2
What is the FITT Principle?
, Correct Answer:
• Frequency – How often you exercise
• Intensity – How hard you exercise
• Time – How long you exercise
• Type – What kind of exercise you do
Source:
Rationale:
The FITT principle provides a framework for designing effective exercise programs. All four
components can be adjusted to achieve fitness goals or accommodate different fitness levels .
Question #3
What is the progressive overload principle?
Correct Answer:
Gradually increasing the demands on the body to continually make gains in muscle size,
strength, and endurance .
Rationale:
The body adapts to stress; without progressive increases, fitness plateaus. This principle is the
foundation of all effective training programs .
Question #4
What is ATP and how does it function in the body?
Correct Answer:
, • ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): The main energy currency for cells. ATP energy is used to
promote ion pumping, enzyme activity, and muscular contraction .
• ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate): A breakdown product of ATP. ADP is synthesized into ATP
using energy from foodstuffs and a phosphate group .
Rationale:
ATP is the immediate energy source for muscle contraction. The ATP-ADP cycle is continuous
during exercise. ATP stores are limited (~3-5 seconds) and must be constantly regenerated .
Question #5
What is the ATP-Creatine Phosphate pathway?
Correct Answer:
Provides quick energy for short bursts of intense activity by regenerating ATP from creatine
phosphate .
Rationale:
This pathway dominates during activities lasting 10-15 seconds (e.g., sprinting, heavy
weightlifting). It does not require oxygen and produces ATP rapidly, but supplies are limited.
Creatine phosphate donates a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP .
Question #6
What is VO₂ Max?
Correct Answer:
The maximal oxygen uptake; a measure of aerobic capacity. It represents the maximum rate
at which oxygen can be utilized during intense exercise .
Questions With Complete
Solutions
SECTION 1: SPORTS & FITNESS NUTRITION (CH. 14)
Question #1
Define physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness.
Correct Answer:
• Physical Activity: Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy
expenditure. Benefits include improved cardiovascular health, weight management, reduced
chronic disease risk, and enhanced mental health .
• Physical Fitness: The ability to perform moderate to vigorous activity without undue
fatigue .
• Exercise: Physical activities that are planned, repetitive, and intended to improve physical
fitness .
Rationale:
Physical activity is the umbrella term; exercise is a specific, structured subset. Fitness is the
outcome of regular exercise. Understanding these distinctions is fundamental to prescribing
exercise for health .
Question #2
What is the FITT Principle?
, Correct Answer:
• Frequency – How often you exercise
• Intensity – How hard you exercise
• Time – How long you exercise
• Type – What kind of exercise you do
Source:
Rationale:
The FITT principle provides a framework for designing effective exercise programs. All four
components can be adjusted to achieve fitness goals or accommodate different fitness levels .
Question #3
What is the progressive overload principle?
Correct Answer:
Gradually increasing the demands on the body to continually make gains in muscle size,
strength, and endurance .
Rationale:
The body adapts to stress; without progressive increases, fitness plateaus. This principle is the
foundation of all effective training programs .
Question #4
What is ATP and how does it function in the body?
Correct Answer:
, • ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): The main energy currency for cells. ATP energy is used to
promote ion pumping, enzyme activity, and muscular contraction .
• ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate): A breakdown product of ATP. ADP is synthesized into ATP
using energy from foodstuffs and a phosphate group .
Rationale:
ATP is the immediate energy source for muscle contraction. The ATP-ADP cycle is continuous
during exercise. ATP stores are limited (~3-5 seconds) and must be constantly regenerated .
Question #5
What is the ATP-Creatine Phosphate pathway?
Correct Answer:
Provides quick energy for short bursts of intense activity by regenerating ATP from creatine
phosphate .
Rationale:
This pathway dominates during activities lasting 10-15 seconds (e.g., sprinting, heavy
weightlifting). It does not require oxygen and produces ATP rapidly, but supplies are limited.
Creatine phosphate donates a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP .
Question #6
What is VO₂ Max?
Correct Answer:
The maximal oxygen uptake; a measure of aerobic capacity. It represents the maximum rate
at which oxygen can be utilized during intense exercise .
