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BIO 311 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | BIOLOGY EXAM PREP & STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027

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BIO 311 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | BIOLOGY EXAM PREP & STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027

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BIO 311 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | BIOLOGY EXAM PREP & STUDY
GUIDE 2026/2027


common characteristics of model organisms - ANS ✔✔-short generation time

-production of numerous progeny

-carry out controlled genetic crosses

-numerous genetic variants



DNA +histones - ANS ✔✔chromatin



haploid - ANS ✔✔cell that contains 1 copy of every chromosome



N=2



diploid - ANS ✔✔cell that contains 2 copies of every chromosome



2N=4



which phases make up interphase - ANS ✔✔G1, S, G2



mitosis (definition) - ANS ✔✔separation of sister chromatids into different cells



cytokinesis - ANS ✔✔division of cytoplasm/physical serparation of cells



mitosis phases in order - ANS ✔✔interphase

prophase

, prometaphase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

cytokinesis



prophase - ANS ✔✔-chromosomes condense

-centromeres form the mitotic spindle and move into position on opposite sides of the cell

-sister chromatids are held together by cohesion at the centromere

-each chromosome possesses 3 chromatids



prometaphase - ANS ✔✔-nuclear membrane breaks down

-spindle microtubules attach to chromatids



metaphase - ANS ✔✔-chromosomes line up at metaphase place

-chromosomes are maximally condensed at this stage



anaphase - ANS ✔✔-sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles (this is done
by the protein seperase)



telophase - ANS ✔✔-chromosomes arrive at spindle poles

-nuclear membrane reforms

-chromosomes go back to relaxed state



mitosis produces ______ cells that are genetically ______ to each other and the cell that gave
rise to them - ANS ✔✔2;identical

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